Chapter One:

Consequences of Industrialization

    The Transcontinental railroad was a very long railroad that connected the east and west areas of the U.S. by rail for the very first time. The Central and Union Pacific companies had different ways of doing things though. Sadly, the Central Pacific Company had the Chinese build the railroad eastward in dangerous terrain with little pay. On the bright side the Union Pacific Company had better conditions for their workers who were German and Irish.

The Bessemer process:

Kara Kitten:

It was created by Andrew Carnegie, and it was a process that created steel from iron. It was the easiest and cheapest way to do it. The steel it made was used to build the transcontinental railroad. 

Farming and Ranching: 

Kara Kitten:

Because of the Fast industrialization Farming and Ranching changed. Farmers had steel plows and windmills. Ranchers had open range which let animals walk around free. They also had closed range which was the opposite of open range, they kept the animals behind barbed wire.

Kara Kitten:

Social Impact.

1. Jim crow laws separated the blacks and the whites in public places like bathrooms, schools, and restaurants. Plessy V. Ferguson was a case that made the separation of race legal. Lynching was to kill someone by hanging them. White people would use it as a way to threaten African Americans or keep them back. 

Kara Kitten: 

2. Immigrants that came from Ellis Island were from Europe. Immigrants that came from Angel Island were from China or Japan. They came in to try and find jobs. The Gentlemen's agreement was an agreement between Japan and the U.S. to calm down the two countries over the immigration of Japanese workers. Nativism was the belief that white people born in America were better than others. This lead to competition of jobs between Americans and immigrants.The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first law that limited Chinese immigration to the U.S.

Kara Kitten:

3. There were a lot of immigrants during this time and the cities were crowded. There was low-quality water resources, and diseases.

                             Political impact:

1. They liked direct voting for senators because they thought the machines affected the voting. They wanted to only elect directly.

2. Boss Tweed was the boss of Tammany Hall. Tammany hall was an organization that helped immigrants get jobs. In exchange he would ask for their votes on election day.

3. During this time the right for Women to vote became more important to them. They tried to convince everyone to let them vote.

                         Economic impact 

1.Workers worked for a very long time and many children were forced to work dangerous jobs. Many people tried to help and take away the harsh working conditions.

2.Monopolies was when one person tried to own all parts of an industry.They tried to get rid of the monopolies because they controlled a lot of American industries.

3. The smog coming from factories created pollution in the air. It caused bad health conditions like lung cancer.

CHAPTER TWO:

SOCIAL CHANGES IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

Kara Kitten:

The NAACP stands for National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. It was an organization that protested and fought for African Americans' rights. They created a federal law that banned lynching. 

Kara Kitten:

Jane Addams didn't like how the immigrants were treated. So she opened Hull House as a place to give immigrants education, child care, and opportunities. She was kind of like a superhero...

Spider cat.. Spider cat... does whatever a spider cat. Spins a spider. Is a cat...

Kara Kitten:

Jacob Riis published his book "How the Other Half Live" to show how bad tenement housing was. He talked about all the diseases and abuse. His book changed the living conditions. And- umm... Can someone explain what happened to him??

Mr. Jacob Riis sir? If you need an ambulance for your enlarged head.. please say so.

CHAPTER THREE:

POLITICAL CHANGES IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

Kara Kitten:
"The treason of the senate" is a book written by, David Graham Phillips. During this time businesses and special interest was weakening in the U.S. senate. That lead to the 17th amendment which allows voters to cast direct votes for U.S. senators.

If only I knew how to read...

Kara Kitten:

Voters gained more influence in elections because of these five things,

1. Secret ballot gave voters privacy when voting. 

2. Direct primary let voters vote directly, and allowing them to eliminate bad candidates. 

3. Initiative is where voters can choose to hold a public vote in the legislature.

4. A recall is when voters can remove an elected official from office before their term expires.

5. A referendum is when voters can accept or reject senators.