Lev Vygotsky

sociocultural

-Social interaction plays a big role in psychological development.  Our cognitive functions are guided based on our interactions with others. It's the same with culture, kids can learn values and beliefs with social interaction and cultural practice.

-You know only what you're taught like with language, if everyone around you speaks Spanish you're going to learn Spanish.

Jean Piaget

cognitive

Sensorimotor Stage: birth-2 years, acquires knowledge through sensory experiences, basic actions, and motor responses. The growth and development in this stage is extreme.

Preoperational Stage: 2-7 years, Begin thinking symbolically, trying to see things from others' perspectives, better pretend play, but still struggling with logic and constancy

Concrete Operational Stage: 7-11 years, more logical understanding of general principles, less egocentric, and more aware of how things affect others

Formal Operational Stage: 12 and up, ability to use deductive reasoning, better understanding of abstract ideas, think more scientifically/ has a better grasp about the world around them

I don't believe it's as simple as he makes it seem. Depending on circumstances, some kids are forced to get an understanding of the real world too young.

John Bowlby
attachment

Relationships with caregivers play a big role in social interactions and relationships in life. Children are born with a need to form attachments. Children want to stay close and be around their caregivers because they make them feel safe.  This can depend on patterns and mannerisms shown by the caregivers.

Being clingy with your parents at a young age is not uncommon, especially with single parents. I can personally attest to wanting to be around them 24/7 because you are around them 24/7.

B.F. Skinner

behavioral

Our behaviors are developed or conditioned through reinforcements. A child's behavior can be impacted through positive or negative reinforcements. These can be simple behaviors like reflexes where your response is automatic.

The ABCs of behaviorism

Antecedent-stimulus

Behavior-response

Consequence-reinforcement

This theory doesn't account for the child's feelings or desires so I disagree but not completely. I do believe behaviors can be influenced by reinforcements but that doesn't in my opinion apply to the entirety of the child's thought process.

Erik Erikson

psychosocial

This theory focuses on social interaction and conflict that arises during different stages of development.

Trust vs. Mistrust(0-18 months): Infants are entirely dependent on their caregivers, so if they fail to fulfill the child's needs the child can learn to feel as though they can't trust or depend on their caregivers

Autonomy vs. Shame(18 months-3 years): At this point, the child has more of an ability to make their own choices. By allowing this curiosity to run its course, the parents can give the child a sense of autonomy

Initiative vs. Guilt(3-5 years): Children need to be gaining a sense of cotrol over the environment and acting on it. This can give them an ego and also a sense of control like their actions have consequences.

Industry vs. Inferiority(5-11):  Children get a sense of pride in their abilities and choices. Children who are encouraged by parents and teachers can develop a belief in their skills and abilities. Children who don't can get a sense of inferiority or feel inferior to everyone else around them

Identity vs. Confusion(12-18): At this point in life, kids are getting a sense of identity and figuring out who they are which can influence behavior and development later on in their lives.

Intimacy vs. isolation(18-40): Young adults have to start forming intimate relationships with others. Success can encourage someone, whilst failure at this can lead to low self-confidence and isolation. 

Generativity vs. Stagnation(40-60): Adults need to make or nurture things that will outlast them like having kids. Success can lead to feelings of accomplishment.

Integrity vs. despair(60-death): This stage focuses on reflecting on the past. At this point, we determine if our choices in life were worth it. This can lead to feelings of fulfillment or despair.

I personally don't disagree but I don't agree. I don't believe it's as black and white as this theory makes it seem. Considering the environment we could've grown up in these choices could be made earlier or later in age. Some people gain an understanding of the real world too soon.

Albert Bandura

social learning

By observing the actions of others like parents, peers, and other children, children can develop skills and other information. Bandura believed conditioning did not account for behaviors not learned through conditioning. This theory suggests that observation plays a large role in development.

I agree with this theory. We don't learn all of our behaviors from our parents and when all you can do is observe others you can learn a lot.

Which do I agree with the most?

I think Albert Bandura's theory is the one I agree with the most. Kids can learn a lot by just observing. I can attest that simply observing mannerisms and behaviors, can, later on, lead to developing them, especially when a lot of people around you have those same mannerisms and behaviors.