GLOBAL ENGLISHES

The number of English speakers surged from just five to seven million to perhaps as many as two billion. English is now spoken in almost every country in the world, with the majority of speakers being those for whom it is not their first language, as opposed to the relatively small group of native speakers who were born and raised within the borders of the British Isles in the middle of the sixteenth century.

I WILL RESEARCH "WHO SPEAKS ENGLISH TODAY?"

There are currently about 75 areas where English is used either as the primary language or as an official second language in occupations including law, government and education.The L2 total is modest, as it has been noted, and the 430 million figure does not fully capture the situation. There are no estimates available for several nations..

To answer this question, we have four groups of users:

-a native language (ENL)

-a second language (ESL)

-a foreign language (EFL).

-a lingua franca (ELF).

English as a native language (ENL):

ENL is not a single variety of English, but differs markedly from one territory to another (e.g. the US and UK), and even from one region to another within a given territory. 

English as a second language (ESL):

L2 speakers for whom English serves country-internal functions, that is, speakers of English as a Second Language (ESL). 

 English as a foreign language(EFL):

This group of English speakers, whose proficiency levels range from reasonable to bilingual competence, were originally described as speakers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL)

English as a lingua franca (ELF):

English is used for intercultural communication all around the world.

WHAT CAN WE DISTINGUISH EFL AND ESL?

To distinguish them from L2 speakers for whom English serves country-internal functions, that is, speakers of English as a Second Language (ESL).

Models and Descriptions of the Spread of English

Kachru's "Three circle model of World Englishes"

The Inner Circle, the Expanding Circle, and the Outer Circle are three concentric circles in English. The three rings "represent the modes of dissemination, the patterns of acquisition, and the functional distribution of English in various cultural contexts."

THE STREVENS MODEL

The Strevens model is the earliest one used to describe how English spread. His world map of English, which was initially published in 1980, depicts a globe map with an upside-down tree diagram superimposed on it to show how, ever since American English split off from British English, all subsequent varieties of the language have shared affinities with either one or the other. 

MC ARTHUR'S MODEL 

The models of McArthur and Görlach have a number of characteristics.

Why English is a Global Language?

Even though it has few (or no) original speakers, English has been adopted by other nations and given a special position in their cultures, making it a global language.

A global language will eventually become the most widely spoken language in the world. English is regarded as a global language since it has already attained this level. According to statistics, over a quarter of the world's population already speaks English fluently or proficiently, and that percentage has been continuously increasing. 

What is a Global     Language?

First, a language can be declared the national tongue, making it the primary means of communication for the government, legal proceedings, the media, and the educational system.

Second, even if a language has no official status, it can be given priority in a nation's foreign language curriculum. When kids first start school, it becomes the language that they are most likely to be taught in and the one that is most readily available.