TCP

What is the full form of TCP?

Transmission Control Protocol

What is it?

It is a protocol that enables the exchange of messages between application programs and computing devices over a network.

 Some features of TCP:

Reliable protocol

ensures the data reaches the intended destination in the same order as it was sent.

Connection-oriented

Provides error checking and recovery mechanism

provides end-to-end communication

SMTP

What is the full form of SMTP?

Simple mail transfer protocol

What is it?

It is a TCP/IP protocol used in sending and receiving email.

Where is it used?

It is used in Gmail, Outlook, Apple Mail, Yahoo Mail, etc.

Some features of SMTP:

It is a push protocol.

It uses persistent TCP connections, so it can send multiple emails at once.

It is a connection-oriented protocol.

POP3

What is POP3?

POP3 is a protocol that supports one-way email synchronization which means it only allows a single device at a time to access mail, this is an older protocol.

Despite it being an old protocol it still has some advantages:

Emails are downloaded to the user's computer

Opening attachments is easy and quick since they are already downloaded

Easy to configure and use

Less storage space is required.

HTTP

What is HTTP?

The full form is Hypertext Transfer Protocol and it is the foundation of the World Wide Web. It is used to load webpages using hypertext links, examples are URLs.

It is the set of rules for transferring files, such as text, images, sound, and video over the web.

Some characteristics:

It is a request-response protocol.

It uses reliable TCP connections by default on TCP port 80.

It is stateless means each request is considered a new request. In other words, the server doesn't recognize the user by default.

HTTPS

Some characteristics:

HTTPS operates at the transport layer.

The data is encrypted before sending

It is encrypted using Transport Layer Security