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 There are also other, less specific, groups of 

elements. These groups are all over the table. 

Scientists group these families of elements by 

their chemical properties. Each family reacts in 

a different way with the outside world. Metals 

behave differently than gases, and there are 

even different types of metals. Some elements 

don't react, while others are very reactive, and 

some are good conductors of electricity. 

Examples of Families

- Alkali Metals

 - Alkaline Earth Metals

 - Transition Metals

 - Halogen Gases

 - Noble Gases

Most metallic elements have a shiny 

luster, have high melting points, are 

good conductors of heat and electricity, 

are malleable, and are ductile 

Metals tend to have low ionization 

energies and lose electrons relatively 

easily to form positive ions.

Nonmetals vary greatly in appearance. Most are 

not lustrous, have low melting points, are poor 

conductors of heat and electricity, and not 

malleable or ductile. 

Because of their electron affinities, nonmetals 

tend to gain electrons relatively easily to form 

negative ions.

Metalloids touch the metal/nonmetal 

line on the Periodic Table and have 

properties between those of metals and 

nonmetals. They may have some 

characteristic metallic properties but 

lack others.

 The principle that chemical properties of the 

elements are periodic functions of their atomic 

numbers

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