This book is dedicated to... Mr.Neumeyer and Charter high school students.
Created & published on StoryJumper™ ©2025 StoryJumper, Inc.
All rights reserved. Sources: storyjumper.com/attribution
Preview audio:
storyj.mp/aie67uc8z7bf
Middle East
History
By Aareon Rice
2
History of Iran
*a Middle Eastern country south of the Caspian Sea and north of the Persian Gulf, is three times the size of Arizona. It shares borders with Iraq, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan
*Iran has been an Islamic theocracy since the Pahlavi monarchy
*The region now called Iran was occupied by the Medes and the Persians in the 1500s B.C. , until the Persian king Cyrus the Great overthrew the Medes and became ruler of the Achaemenid (Persian) Empire, which reached from the Indus to the Nile at its zenith in 525 B.C. Persia fell to Alexander in 331–330 B.C. and a succession of other rulers: the Seleucids
3
History of Iraq
*a triangle of mountains, desert, and fertile river valley, is bounded on the east by Iran, on the north by Turkey, on the west by Syria and Jordan, and on the south by Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. It is twice the size of Idaho.
*The dictatorship of Saddam Hussein collapsed on April 9, 2003, after U.S. and British forces invaded the country.
*An advanced civilization existed in this area by 4000 B.C. Sometime after 2000 B.C. , the land became the center of the ancient Babylonian and Assyrian empires. Mesopotamia was conquered by Cyrus the Great of Persia in 538 B.C. and by Alexander in 331 B.C. After an Arab conquest in 637–640, Baghdad became the capital of the ruling caliphate
4
History Of Afghanistan
*The location of Afghanistan astride the land routes between the Indian subcontinent, Iran, and central Asia has enticed conquerors throughout history. Its high mountains, although hindering unity, helped the hill tribes to preserve their independence.
*After Alexander's death (323 B.C.) the region at first was part of the Seleucid empire. In the north, Bactria became independent, and the south was acquired by the Maurya dynasty. Bactria expanded southward but fell to the Parthians and rebellious tribes.
*The Muslim conquest of Afghanistan began in the 7th cent. Several short-lived Muslim dynasties were founded, the most powerful of them having its capital at Ghazna. Mahmud of Ghazna, who conquered the lands from Khorasan in Iran to the Punjab in India early in the 11th cent., was the greatest of Afghanistan's rulers.
5
Mesopotamia History
*Babylon, ancient city of Mesopotamia. One of the most important cities of the ancient Middle East, it was on the Euphrates River and was north of the cities that flourished in S Mesopotamia in the 3d millennium B.C. It became important when Hammurabi made it the capital of his kingdom of Babylonia.
*The city was destroyed (c.689 B.C.) by the Assyrians under Sennacherib, and its real splendor belongs to the later period of Babylonia after the city was rebuilt. The brilliant color and luxury of Babylon became legendary from the days of Nebuchadnezzar (d. 562 B.C.). The Hanging Gardens were one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
6
Persian History
*the time of the rise and fall of the Persian Empire is typically divided into three periods: ACHAEMENID(550 – 330 BC),SELEUCIAN(306 BC- 150 BC)
SASSANIAN(224 -651 CE)
*Persian kings, including Cyrus II, founder of Persis, or Persia, ruled during this period. Cyrus II was a very progressive ruler, and it is due to his practices that he was able to expand the Persian Empire exponentially during his reign.
*This was a quiet time for the Persian Empire as it existed mainly as a subunit under Greek rule.
*This period marked the return of Persian kings and the Sassanian Dynasty. Most notable during this period was the establishment of the Zoroastrian religion as the official religion of Ancient Persia.
7
Arabian History
*Saudi Arabia is not only the homeland of the Arab peoples—it is thought that the first Arabs originated on the Arabian Peninsula—but also the homeland of Islam, the world's second-largest religion.
*The Islamic calendar begins in 622, the year of the hegira, or Muhammad's flight from Mecca.
*The kingdom of Saudi Arabia is almost entirely the creation of King Ibn Saudi (1882–1953). A descendant of Wahhabi leaders, he seized Riyadh in 1901 and set himself up as leader of the Arab nationalist movement.
8
Persepolis Culture
*The magnificent ruins of Persepolis lie at the foot of Kuh-e Rahmat, or "Mountain of Mercy," in the plain of MarvDasht about 850 kilometers south of the present capital city of Tehran and about 50 kilometers north of Shiraz.
*Conceived to be the seat of government for the Achaemenian kings and a center for receptions and ceremonial festivities, the wealth of the Persian empire was evident in all aspects of its construction.
*The exact date of the founding of Persepolis is not known. It is assumed that Darius I began work on the platform and its structures between 518 and 516 B.C., visualizing Persepolis as a show place and the seat of his vast Achaemenian Empire.
9
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This book is dedicated to... Mr.Neumeyer and Charter high school students.
Created & published on StoryJumper™ ©2025 StoryJumper, Inc.
All rights reserved. Sources: storyjumper.com/attribution
Preview audio:
storyj.mp/aie67uc8z7bf
Middle East
History
By Aareon Rice
2
History of Iran
*a Middle Eastern country south of the Caspian Sea and north of the Persian Gulf, is three times the size of Arizona. It shares borders with Iraq, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan
*Iran has been an Islamic theocracy since the Pahlavi monarchy
*The region now called Iran was occupied by the Medes and the Persians in the 1500s B.C. , until the Persian king Cyrus the Great overthrew the Medes and became ruler of the Achaemenid (Persian) Empire, which reached from the Indus to the Nile at its zenith in 525 B.C. Persia fell to Alexander in 331–330 B.C. and a succession of other rulers: the Seleucids
3
History of Iraq
*a triangle of mountains, desert, and fertile river valley, is bounded on the east by Iran, on the north by Turkey, on the west by Syria and Jordan, and on the south by Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. It is twice the size of Idaho.
*The dictatorship of Saddam Hussein collapsed on April 9, 2003, after U.S. and British forces invaded the country.
*An advanced civilization existed in this area by 4000 B.C. Sometime after 2000 B.C. , the land became the center of the ancient Babylonian and Assyrian empires. Mesopotamia was conquered by Cyrus the Great of Persia in 538 B.C. and by Alexander in 331 B.C. After an Arab conquest in 637–640, Baghdad became the capital of the ruling caliphate
4
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"Middle East History"
A brief overview of the history and culture of various Middle Eastern countries, including Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Mesopotamia, Persia, Arabia, and Persepolis.
(16 pages)
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