STONEHENGE is a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England. It is made of a henge, with standing stones in circles. There were three main building phases, each between about 3100 BC and 1950 BC. The first circle was made of timber. The post holes for the timber have been found. Around 2600 BC, the builders gave up timber in favour of stone. Most of the construction took place between 2640 and 2480 BC.

No one knows who built Stonehenge or why they built it. During the summer solstice, the sunrise lines up with some of the stones in a particular way. This suggests that the arrangement of stones may work as a calendar. In Egypt and South America, similar ancient buildings can be found. They also show the time of the solstice.

STONEHENGE

TOWER OF LONDON

The TOWER OF LONDON is an ancient Norman stone fortress in London, England. It stands on the bank of the River Thames, in the oldest part of the city.

The fortress was built by William the Conqueror, King William I, starting in 1078. The moat was built by Richard I, using water diverted from the River Thames. The Tower had many uses. Its main function was to protect Norman rule in the years after the conquest. It was a prison, and a place of execution. Today, the Crown Jewels are kept there. This is the collection of jewels owned by the British state, and sometimes worn by the monarch. There is also a museum of armour.