is for Archeologists

Archeologists are people who study the remains of ancient people and places. Archeologist believe that the first people to arrive on the continent of North America came from the continent of Asia over 11,00 years ago. They believe that the people that came to American followed herds of large animals .

“Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)”.

is for Bison

It can also be referred to as a buffalo. It is a very large animal, but it is much smaller than the giant bison that existed in the days of the Paleo-Indians. They were hunted and killed for food and other necessities for them to stay alive.

“Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)”.

is for Council

A group of people in charge. They make sure that the chiefs are carrying out their duties. IF the chief passes away the son would take over. If chief is not doing his duties and passes the away the son will not take his spot and the council could replace the son with someone else.

“Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)”.

is for Dakota Sioux

Moved into North Dakota form Minnesota after conflicts and battles with both "white" settlers and U.S soldiers. Four tribes make up the Dakota Sioux. They lived in Tipis making it easy for them to pack up and move to another place when the bison herds would move on.

“Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)”.

is for Epidemic.

In 1781, a serve case of the Epidemic broke out. This was a rapidly spreading disease that occurred in the villages. This disease had taken many lives and reduced the population of the Mandan Indians from about 10,000 to about 1,200 within a few months.

“Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)”.

is for Fort Berthold Reservation

It was set up for the Three Affiliated Tribes in 1852 by the U.S government. Which included Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation. It is located along the Missouri River in the west-central part of North Dakota. This is were they farmed and made their homes in the Missouri River bottomland.

“Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)”.

is for Garrison Dam

The Garrison Dam was built to block the flow of water so that flooding, which had been going down stream, could be controlled. The water that is being controlled forms a lake. With the Garrison Dam being built is had flooded the best land on the Fort Berthold Reservation.

“Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)”.

is for Hidatsa

The Hidatsa group had moved from the forest of Minnesota to eastern North Dakota about 500 years ago. They kept moving about 400 years ago and settled in Mandan along the Missouri and Heart River. They had planted crops and hunted with the Mandan and had similar kinds of homes like them as well.

“Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)”.

is for Immunity

Immunity is another word for protection. This was a protection from the smallpox, measles, and typhoid fever. The natives of North America had never been exposed to deadly diseases that had been in Europe for hundreds of years or more, so they didn't have any natural Immunity to help them.

“Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)”.

is for Josephine Gates Kelly

She was an outstanding leader. She was raised on the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation. She was the first woman in the United States to be elected Tribal Chair (chief). Josephine also establish a memorial for Indians killed while serving in the United States Armed Forces.

“Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)”.

is for Keith Bear

Keith Bear is a member of the Tree Affiliated Tribes. He is known for playing the flute, because he tells a story while play his music. He thought the Creator gave it to him as a gift to learn how to play the flute. Keith has won awards for his music and performances.

“Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)”.

is for Lake Sakakawea

Was formed from the Garrison Dam. The lake got its name from Sakakawea, a woman who helped guide the Lewis and Clark expedition to the Pacific coast and back. It is the Largest body of water in North Dakota. It is the third largest man-made lake in the United States.

“Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)”.

is for Metis

Many Chippewa women married French fur traders. Their children who were half Chippewa and half French. They thought of themselves as Indians rather than "white". Many settled in the Chippewa communities. They were known for being very good bison hunters and fur traders.

“Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)”.

is for Nakota Sioux

The Nakota Sioux were pushed west by the Chippewa. They were divided into two tribes that settled in South Dakota and the southern part of North Dakota. Hunting bison became a central part of their lives, but many raised corn, squash, and other vegetables.

“Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)”.

is for Oyate Tribe (Sisseton-Wahpeton)

They live on The Lake Traverse Reservation. Which is located in the Northeastern part of South Dakota and a small portion of the southeastern corner of North Dakota. The reservation boundaries extend across seven counties, two in North Dakota and five in South Dakota.

http://www.swo-nsn.gov/

is for Pelts

Pelts are hides with fur from animals they had hunted. They were considered to be very valuable by the Europeans and Euro-Americans. Pelts were considered to be apart of the trading goods they would use with other tribes.

“Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)”.