is for Assiniboine

The Assiniboine were a major part of an alliance of northern Plains Indian nations known as the Iron Confederacy.

4th Grade Curriculum. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2018, from https://www.ndstudies.gov/

is for Buffalo

The buffalo were a primary source of food, clothes, jewelry, shelter, heat, etc. for the Native Americans.

4th Grade Curriculum. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2018, from https://www.ndstudies.gov/

is for Commodities

Centuries before Euro-American penetration of the Far West, Native Americans had established networks of trails and trade relationships. Prized trade commodities such as marine shells, obsidian, and turquoise were located hundreds, and in some cases, thousands of miles from their origins. Among closely related tribal groups, intra-regional exchange of commodities bearing common social and ceremonial value was well organized throughout the continent.

4th Grade Curriculum. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2018, from https://www.ndstudies.gov/

is for Dakota

Dakota stands for "friends" or "Oyate, the people" in the Indian language.

4th Grade Curriculum. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2018, from https://www.ndstudies.gov/

is for Executive Order of 1880

On July 13, 1880, an Executive Order was issued, depriving the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara of the greater part of their lands. Everything south of a line forty miles north of the Northern Pacific Railroad right-of-way was ceded. This involuntary cession also included an extensive tract of land south and west of Fort Buford.

4th Grade Curriculum. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2018, from https://www.ndstudies.gov/

is for Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851

The boundaries of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara territory were set-aside in the 1851 Fort Laramie Treaty. Under the terms of agreement, the United States would supply the several tribes with $50,000 for 50 years, designate territorial boundaries of each tribe, provide punishment for depredations, and gave authority for the government to lay roads and build military forts in Indian country and other provisions.

4th Grade Curriculum. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2018, from https://www.ndstudies.gov/

is for Garrison Dam

Beginning in the 1940s, the Corps of Engineers built five main-stem projects that destroyed over 550 square miles of tribal land in North and South Dakota and dislocated more than 900 Indian families. The most devastating effects suffered by a single reservation were experienced by the Three Affiliated Tribes whose lifeways were almost totally destroyed by the Garrison Dam. The construction of Garrison Dam on tribal land resulted in the taking of 152,360 acres.

4th Grade Curriculum. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2018, from https://www.ndstudies.gov/

is for Hidatsa

The Hidatsa were known as Minnetaree or GrosVentre. “Hidatsa” was formerly the name of a village occupied by these tribes. The term “Hidatsa” became a corruption of the word “midah-hutsee-ahti” translated meaning “house/ lodge made with willows. They were one tribe that was apart of the Three Affiliated Tribes.

4th Grade Curriculum. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2018, from https://www.ndstudies.gov/

is for Indians

Indians are the Indigenous people of North America. Also known as Native Americans and American Indians.

4th Grade Curriculum. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2018, from https://www.ndstudies.gov/

is for Josephine Gates Kelly

Josephine Gates Kelly was apart of the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation and she the first woman to in the United States of America that was elected to the Tribal Chair Chief.

(Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012))

is for Keith Bear

Keith Bear is Mandan-Hidatsa story-teller and musician who weaves a magic of story, song, history, and personal reflection.

http://keithbear.net/

is for Lakota

The Lakota were one of the seven Sioux tribes that were located in North Dakota and South Dakota. Lakota is now a town name in North Dakota.

4th Grade Curriculum. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2018, from https://www.ndstudies.gov/

is for the Mississippi River

North Dakota tribes such as the Chippewa were one of the tribes who lived on the plains near the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River was a main source of water for these tribes.

4th Grade Curriculum. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2018, from https://www.ndstudies.gov/

is for Nakota Sioux

The term Nakota is used by native people who usually go by the name Assiniboine. The Nakota are one of the seven Sioux tribes.

4th Grade Curriculum. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2018, from https://www.ndstudies.gov/

is for Oyate Tribe

The Mni Wakan Oyate tribe is also known as Spirit Lake Nation. The Spirit Lake Reservation, is located in North Central North Dakota. The people of Spirit Lake are often called Dakota "Sioux, a term dating back to the 17th century. The Dakota at Fort Totten are called the Mni Wakan Oyate -- "the people of the Spirit Water."

4th Grade Curriculum. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2018, from https://www.ndstudies.gov/

is for Plains

Native Americans occupied and lived off of the land in North Dakota which also can be referred to as the Great Plains of North America.

4th Grade Curriculum. (n.d.). Retrieved February 05, 2018, from https://www.ndstudies.gov/