Table of Contents

Page 1: Dedication

Page 2 & 3, 4: Table of Contents

Page 5 & 6 : Colonizations of the Americas

Page 7 & 8 : Navigational Advancements

Page 9 & 10: Mercantilism

Page 11 & 12: Capitalism

Page 13 & 14: Commercial Revoltion

Page 15 & 16: European Trade

Page 17 & 18: Middle Passge

Page 19 & 20: Colonies

Page 21 & 22: Limited and unlimited government

Page 23 & 24: Scientific Revolution

Page 25, 26, And 27:Enlightenment

Page 28, 29 and 30: The English Civil WAr

Page 31 & 32: The Glorius Revolution

Page 33 & 34: The Enlightenment Effects/Constitution/American French Revolution

Page 35: The French Revolution: SAocial Causes

Page 36 & 37: Other causes of the french revolution

Page 38: King Louis 16

Page 39: Marie Antoinette

Page 40 & 41: The French Revolution

Page 42 & 43: Napoleon

Page 44 & 45: Haitian Independence

Page 46, 47, 48 & 49: Haitain Independencer

Page 51, 52, & 53: The Mexican War of Independence

Page 54, 55 & 56: South American Independence

Page 57, 58 & 59: Industrial Revolution

Page 60, 61, 62 & 63: Imperilism

Page 64, 65, 66, 67, & 68: Reactions of Imperialism

Page 69 & 70: Spanish American War

Page 71 & 72: Causes of World War 1

Page 73 & 74: World War 1 technologies

Page 75 & 76: World War 1

Page 77, 78, 79: Treaty of Versalies

Page 80,81: League of Nations

Page 82,83:The Great Deprssion

The Colonization of the Americas.

The British covered the eastern coast of North America except for the state of Florida. They also conquered Canada. The Spanish took mostly the western part of the Americas. The French took the Mid part of the Americas and the North part. The Portuguese took Brazil. Between the two Colonies the French and the British shared most of Mid-western part of North America.

Navigational Advancements

The astrolabe was a great tool for finding your way when your on the sea. Gunpowder was a huge accomplishment to the use of guns. The magnetic compass was used for telling what direction you were going while aboard a ship. The flintlock was an overpowered weapon that took over land. The Carravel was a small and sturdy ship to set sail for different places.

Mercantilism

In mercantilism a countries wealth is measured in gold and silver. The favorable balance of trade is for someone to export more than they import. The colonies could not trade with other colonies just the mother country. The colonies would give raw materials and the Mother country would give manufactured goods. Tariffs are taxes that are placed on imports and exports of a country.

Capitalism

Capitalism is a economic system that deals with money and wealth. Companies compete with other companies to make a business. They have to decide on what to sell or not to sell..

Commercial Revolution

The Columbian exchange was an exchange that the old world and the Americas traded ideas, humans culture, plants, and technologies. The Trianguler trade was a trade where Great Britain boarded a boat with bread, clothes, and etc. Then Africa would get the shipment take the stuff into their home and load the ship with slaves. After that the ship will go to the Americas to give them the slaves. Then the people in America would give rum, sugar, and tobacco to Great Britain.

European Trade with Asia

Asia is different from the New World because Asai was highly advanced, had prosperous civilizations, and strong armies. When Europe and Asai traded they were more or less based on the associated that they were equals. Since they considered both of them equals they engaged a lot of beneficial trade relationships.

The Middle Passage

The process of Europeans setting up trading deals with African tribe leaders, so they could capture other Africans for the New World. In return the tribes receive weapons, iron, cloth, and horses for the slaves.

Types of Colonies

The Four types of colonies were the penal, plantation, settler and trade. The penal colony is a colony of prisoners that have been sent to a remote location. Plantation colonies are colonies that have large farms that specialize in growing crops made by slaves. A settler colony is a colony that transports large numbers of people to live in an area permanently. The last one is the trade colony and this colony is established where gold and silver were not found and cash crops could not be found

Limited and Unlimited governments

A limited government is a constitutional government with limited power and checks and balances. An example of Limited government is the United States because of the three branches. An Unlimited Government is power to one person or a small group of people. Two examples of Unlimited Government are France and Russia

Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution changes the way of how people thought about the place in the universe. The scientist Galileo discovered mountains on moon, four moons around Jupiter, and sunspots. Nicholas Copernicus believed in the Heliocentric theory he also found that the earth rotates around the sun by a daily rotation. Ptolemy created the Ptolemic System that system was called Geocentricwhich meant everything revolved around the Earth. Kepler believed in the Helicentric theory also thought the plants had an elliptical orbit with the sun.

Enlightenment

The Enlightment was a cultural movement in the 18th century in Europe. It was for the belief that people could think for themselves. John Locke was a Enlightment philosopher who governed the Natural rights of man, influence on the colonial Americans, allowing them to justify revolution, and shape a new government.

Enlightenment

Montesquieu was a Politicalthinker who was famous for his theory of the separation of powers in government and the three branches. Jean Jagues Rosseau was a famous French speaking philosopher. Jean helped with development of nationalism and socialism theories. Voltaire was a French philosopher who wrote books, poems and plays, and he believed in God but did not believe in God personally involved in people's lives, like the Christian God.

The English Civil War

The English Cival War was against the Parliament and King Charles the 1st. In the beginning the King was giving the subjects a great load of taxes and trying to arrest a lot of people from the Parliment. The war started by King Charles not agreeing the Parliment and trying to arrest Five members.

The English Civil War

The Parliments forces were called the round heads and the Kings were called Cavaliers. In the war the Roundheads won over the cavaliers. After the fact that King Charles had lost instead of surrendering he fled to the Scots. After KIng Charles had left Cromwell became the king of England. While Cromwell was king he tried to bring in military rule and imposed strict Puritan ideas on English people. The people did not like Cromwells rule but 2 years after he died the monarchy was restored.

The Glorius Revolution

The glorious revolution was a war with no blood and no war. No soldiers went to the war to fight. A new king and queen took the place of king James II, also was a very disliked King to the people. So in the end there was no war, it was just that King James 2 was replaced with William and Mary. The Glorius Revolutions document was called the English Bill of Rights it was to limit the power of the Monarchs.

The Enlightenment effects/ Constitution/American & FRench Revolution

The Effects of the Enlightenment were liberty, independence, and equality the reason was because the people didn't realize the mistake they made for when other peopled ruled over them. A constitution defines the relationship between the people and the government also called the social contract. Both the American And French revolution let to formations of limited government and served models for future constitutions and limited governments. Also the two revolutions were inspired by the Enlightenment.

French Revolution: Social Causes

Other causes of the french Revolution

Money: Frances money had a great impact on them because it helped pay for wars and when they payed for that the country went very poor so the clergy and nobles had to pay taxes on the peasants.

Bad Harvest: The people could not farm because of terrible weather, so that meant people were unemployed and the shortage of food was terrible

Other Causes of the French revolution

estates General: The estates general is the gathering of all tree estates

National Assembly: The representatives of the third estate after leaving the Estates general.

King Louis 16

King Louis led to the struggle of the economies disaster with the debts and massive expenses, which led to shortages of food and the prices of the food grew. This made the peasants revolt against the king. If the peasants revolted, the KIng used the Guillotine to kill them.

Marie Antoinette

Marie led to the starvation of the people because of her wild parties, palaces, and dresses. She was the subject of most gossips. She was beheaded by the Guillotine at the start of the Riegn and Terror. Marie did not say "let us eat cake".

The French Revolution

The french revolution was filled with the Bastile, Tennis Court Oath, Reign of Terror, Robespierre, and Directory. The Bastille was a march or symbol for the people showing the disaster of what France has done. The Tennis Court Oath was a pledge to all of the members of the third estate and the people state that it was the start of the revolution after that.

The french Revolution

The Regin of terror was a series that made people understand that the french people were not playing with things that were set. Rosepeire was a leader of the Departement of Public Safety then after that he became a dictator that was executed. The Directory was when the government was formed after a new constitution was set.

Napoleon Bonaparte

When Napolean was crowned, he took the crown from the Pope to show that nobody had power over him. He built the continental System to block off all trade with England. The Peninsula war was a military conflict between napoleons empire and Spain for control of the peninsula. The Coup D'etat was when the first consul brought in Napoleon. The invasion of Russia was for napoleon to take over the Russians also known as the Patriotic war.

Napoleon Bonaparte

The exile on Elba was when napoleon was exiled to Elba, but then he escaped from there custody. The exile on St. Helena was where Napoleon had his Detention. The 100 days was where when napoleon returned to exile to the island of Elba.

Haitian Independence

On the bottom of the caste system there was the slave imported Africans, above that was the Gen du colouer,, next was the petty blanks, and at the very top was the Grand blanks. A former slave in the colony named Toussant L'Ouverture was a leader of the independence effort in 1791. After fighting in wars he became the governor of Saint-Domingue, set a constitution, and declared Saint-Domingue a French colony. Napoleon was the French leader in 1801. Toussant sent the constitution to Napoleon.left after the french revolution for there freedom.

When he read that Napoleon was furious, so he sent his brother in-law to go restore slavery to Saint-Domingue. The Haitian Revolution is when the color or enslaved colored people left after the french revolution for there freedom.The leader of that was Toussaint L'Ouverture he helped them fight many wars.The Haitian Revolution is when the color or enslaved colored people left after the french revolution for there freedom. The leader of that was Toussaint L'Ouverture he helped them fight many wars.

Then Tossaint sent a constitution to napoleon and he didn't like it so he sent his brother in law to go restore slavery because there should not be a constitution in Saint-Domingue.He comes back with Tossiant arrested and 1 year later France is defeated by Haiti, so now they have independence. Tossaint was captured when one of Napoleons generals invited him for dinner when then he ran into a trap.

After that Lecrec took Tossaint back to France and that is when he died in prison because an unknown cause. Haiti is the first Republic to be made by slaves by fighting off France and winning that war.

Mexican Independence

At the top of the Mexican Caste System was Peninsulares, next was Criollos, then Mestizos, after that was Mullatos, following that is Enslaved Africans, and the very bottom Native Americans. Father Miguel Hidalgo y costilla rang his church bell calling to fight the peninsulares. father hidalgo was the leader of Dolores , but then he was killed. Cry of Dolores was the independence movement in Dolores in 1809 ,which is when the poor people faced food shortages.

Jose maria Morelos took over as the leader of Dolores after Father Hidalgo was killed. The Mexican war started when the people of New Spain did not like the rule. So after that, they started developing ideas about there government. Then the cry of Dolores helped lead the movement of independence for Dolores. After that movement the ideas spread all over Spain and revolts started happening. Then at the end of the war between the creoles and the

Peninsulares, which the creoles had won.

Mexico had independence in year 1821.

South American Independence

Simon Bolivar had to rebuild Latin America After 15 years at war and 300 years of colonial rule. Bolivar had to deal with the royalist enemies and fellow revolutionaries that did not share the same goals.

Bolivar had a great agreement with the Haitian President Alexandre Petion gave Simon Bolivar weapons and supplies on two occasions. His assistance to the struggling revolutionary

was crucial to Latin America. The outcomes of

this war was that many countries became Independent. In 1817 Simon Bolivar created a government in Agurtura and was elected president in venesula.

Industrial Revolution

. The Agricultural revolution was and advancements in machinery and technology. During the Cottage industry they manufactured a lot of new machines. Some of the technological advancements for the Industrial Revolution was the Spining Mule in the 17'00 and it was made from spinning jenny and water frame.

Another is the Cotton gin that was built in 1793 which was made to increase cotton production. Some transportional advancement was the steam engine that was used to power steam boats and

locomotives. Urbanization was where people built houses in one area and made it like a neighborhood. Factory conditions were very poor., the factories were very dangerous and often in injuries, and the rural-to-urban migration led to many social changes.

Imperialism

Industrialism was the main way to get money during imperialism because a wealth gap was created between industrialized and non-industrialized nations. Industrialized nations looked for raw materials for less developed countries and new materials for new countries. The White Mans Burden was written by Rudyard Kipling that became an anthem for imperialism.

India became the jewel of the crown for Britian after the East India Company which was a trading post along the Indian Ocean. After the Sepoy rebellion the India became partners with the British and the Britsih took use of that so they getting India's, raw material and setting up markets. While this was happening it hurt a lot on India's industries. Imperialism in Africa was the Berlin Conference in 1884 and it impacted the way of Africa because of how it separated and all of the sections were easily dominated. China's Sphere of Influence is when the British and other European nations controlled special trading and economic right within the certain areas of China.

The Open door policy was when the United States wanted access of China and if they should be open to all nations rather than some of the nations to there country. The Japenese trade was where the government reopened trade, but Commandor Perry of the US Navy was sent to Japan with warships and a treaty. If Japan did not sign it, then there would be war. As a result, Japan's trade was closed due to isolation that was reopened in the 1600's.

Reacts of Imperialism

The Boer war was fought between the British and Boers, it was a imperial competition for land in South Africa by industrial nations against nationalism. The Boers which were Dutch settlers began to encroach on the Zulu's land. The Zulu War was against the British and the Zulu's. It was for imperial competition for land in South Africa. Shaka Zulu was the leader and he led the South Africans in Attack against the Boers to protect his empire from Dutch control. The Sepoy Rebellion that was in India resulted in British imperialism.

India hired Indian soldiers known as Sepoys to protect their trading interests which were extensive at this time. India was know as the jewel of the crown because they supplied raw materials to British industries. The Opium Wars took place in Chuna and resulted in imperial interest It was with China and the British. The British were trying open trade with China and when they did they found one special item and that was opium. When China found out they were trying to stop this, but it did not work. After there defeat the British made them sign a treaty making them to trade with them

The Boxer Rebellion took place in China and resulted in imperial interests.It was versus the Boxers and the Europeans. The Boxer Rebellion took place in China and resulted in imperial interests.It was versus the Boxers and the Europeans. The Boxers were a nationalistic organization that used martial arts to try to remove foreigners from China's soil. This war was to get rid of all foreign influences. The Boxers went out killing foreigners and Chinese Christians. The Boxers lost with an eight-nation alliance that had the same economic interests as China. After they lost the Boxers were forced to pay the nations involved for damages due to the rebellion.The Meiji Restoration that was in Japan was a response for Japan's building nationalism and a desire to protect imperial aggression.

Later being forced to open there ports to trade by the United States the Japanese government decided to take actions in order to make the economy and military more like the Western powers. In 1894, Japan went to war with China over who would be in control of trade in Korea. This was to gather raw materials and markets for their good there . After the victory of that war Japan fought Russia because Russia wanted control of Korea trade, but Japan was already in control. After Russia surrendering, the Meiji Restoration helped successively make Japan's an industrial nation and changed there status becoming a world power.

Spanish American War and American Imperialism

The Monroe Doctrine stated that the America's were off limits to further European Colonizations. It came in the latter part of the century with Cub's fight for Independence from Spain. The USS Maine was a ship which blew up, they blamed Spain but really what happened was there was an accident on the ship and the ammo blew up. Yellow Journalism is "fake news". This is when the newspaper reporters lie in the newspapers just so that they can sell papers. The US acquisition was when the US first attacked the Phillippine islands. Following the war, the US gained the Philippics Guam, and Puerto Rico as theirs. The Roosevelt Corollary declared the US as an international police power in the Western Hemisphere. The USA built the Panama Canal to be able to ship things fast and easy between the Atlantic and Pacific Coast.

Causes of World War 1

Some of the main causes where Militarism,Alliances,Imperialism, Nationalism, and the one thing that triggered this war was the shooting of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Milliterian Germany tried to complete in Naval races with Britain and building more ships. Alliances were created to check the balance of power between nations. In 1882 Germany, Austria-hungary, and Italy formed the the Triple Alliances to take care of each other's back. France, Britain, and Russia reacted in 1907 by creating the Triple Entente. Imperialism the Britain and French empires made Germany jealous as it tried to colonize parts of Africa. Nationalism created the feeling that countries were better than others and promoted the Anti-Austro-Hungarian sentiments in Serbia.