George H. W. Bush........................................................18

Clinton's Presidency........................................................19

George W. Bush Presidency............................................20

Obama's Presidency........................................................21

Vocabulary

Ho Chi Minh: the north Vietnam communist leader responsible for defeating the french.

Dien Bien Phu: North Vietnam communist leader Vo Nguyan fought french forces in this city.

Geneva Accords: temporarily divided Vietnam along the 17th parallel

Ngo Dinh Diem: Soth Vietnam's anti-communist president

Vietcong: Southern communist opposition group

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: congress approved Johnson's request, granting Johnson broad military powers in Vietnam.

Ho Chi Minh Trail: a network of paths along the borders of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia

Napalm: a gasoline-based bomb that set fire to the jungle

Agent Orange: a leaf-killing toxic chemical

Credibility Gap: the media and government telling the people how many Americans were dying and comparing them to actually what was happening.

Vietnamization: President Nixon's strategy for the gradual withdrawal of U.S. troops in order for the South Vietnamese to take on a more active combat role in the war.

Silent Majority: moderate, mainstream Americans who quietly supported the U.S. efforts in Vietnam.

My Lai Massacre: Lieutenant Calley Jr, had massacred innocent civilians in a small village of My Lai in northern South Vietnam.

Kent State University: an Ohio university where National Guardsmen opened fire on students protesting the Vietnam

war on May 4, 1970.

Pentagon Papers: a 7,000 page document revealed among other things that the government had drawn up plans for entering the war even as President Johnson promised that he would not send American troops to Vietanm.

War Powers Act: stipulated that a president must inform congress within 48 hours of sending forces into a hostile area without a declaration of war.

Vietcong: the South Vietnamese communists who, with North Vietnamese support, fought against the government of South Vietnam in the Vietnam War.

Early Years of Vietnam

The United States got involved to stop the spread of communism. Robert Mcnamara was the 8th secretary of defense, serving during the Vietnam war. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution authorized President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia. The Vietnam war was civil war before the U.S got involved. The fighting was terrible because the terrain of Vietnam was often treacherous and the weather was very humid and hot.

No one knew Vietnam's territory or how the land looked like, so the rival side had a very big advantage since they knew the land. The Tet offensive greatly shook the American Public, because they were repeatedly told the war is close to an end.

Year of 1968

On April 4, 1968 Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated by James Earl Ray while standing on the balcony of his room in Memphis. Many riots ware started as the outcome of the assassination, this was known as the Holy Week uprising. Two months later on June 5th after winning California primary presidential campaign, Bobby Kennedy gave a victory speech at the Los Angeles hotel. On his way out, a young Palestinian immigrant, Sirhan Sirhan, was hiding a gun and shot Kennedy.

The Tet Offensive was a surprise attack from Vietcong. On January 30, was the Vietnamese equivalent of New Year's

Eve, the beginning of the lunar new year festivities known in Vietnam as Tet. Throughout that day in 1968, villagers were taking an advantage of week-long truce proclaimed for Tet. That night the Vietcong launched an overwhelming attack on over 100 towns and cities in South Vietnam, as well as 12 U.S air bases. After Johnson learned about Walter Cronkite's analysis of the war, the president lamented "If I've lost Walter, then it's over. I've lost Mr. Average Citizen."

Last Years of Vietnam

Nixon's plan to stop the war was known as Vietnamization, called for the gradual withdrawal of U.S troops in order fro the South Vietnamese to take on a more active combat role in the war.

At Kent State University, a massive student protest led the burning of the ROTC building. In response, the local mayor called in the National Guard. The guards fired live ammunition in to a crowd of protesters who were throwing rocks at them. Nine people were wounded and four killed.

On March 16, 1968, Lieutenant Calley Jr. had massacred

innocent civilians in the village of My Lai in Northern Vietnam. The troops stated that they weren't responsible for the shooting, they were just following the Lieutenants orders. Calley was convicted and imprisoned, while other officers were charged with some degree.

The last U.S troops left Vietnam on March 29, 1973. The U.S suffered a loss of 60,000 Americans and 303,000 were wounded.

The U.S spent about 168 billion about during the Vietnam war.

1960's Culture

A hippie is someone who refused to conform to society and customs of American ways/ morals.

Fashion became a huge impact in the hippie society. They wore bright colored shirts, long hair, beards, and dye shirts. Women wore extremely short shorts and showing off a lot of skin.

Music was another impact in the hippie society. The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Stevie Wonder, Jimi Hendrix, Pink Floyd, and more.

There were many taboos broken, different types of genres of music were created, for example, rock n roll, blues rock, garage rock, and R&B.

Sports were also another aspects in the 1960's. It divided the racial tensions, and proving to the world that race doesn't decide how well you perform.