Families On The Periodic Table- 

They are elements in specific groups that share alike properties.  The properties contain the number of valence electrons and in the properties, mostly chemical. 

Periods On The Periodic Table-

Periods on the periodic table are a row of elements. In periods, if they are in the same row, they have the same energy orbital levels such as the 1st row has 1 orbital level. They also have alike properties such as many physical and chemical.

Families and Periods

Role of Protons

The role of a proton in an element has many roles. One of the main ones is that it helps compact the nucleus(protons and neutrons) together. Another main one is that it represents the identity of the element. Every single element has a certain number of protons; helping identify every element. 

The protons dictate where the element is placed because in order to see where the elements are, you will need the electrons. Since, there is the same number of protons and electrons in an atom, that will help determine the electrons. With the electrons, it is the deciding factor for the reactivity and chemistry of the atom. The reactivity shows how much the element goes left to right, depending on that, it will go _ left units and _right units. 

Element Properties 

Metal- As you can see, the metals are mostly located on the left side of the line(the border between non-metals and metals)  of the periodic table(except hydrogen). The reason why they are located on the left side of the periodic table because they have a really slow process of getting or losing electrons(ionization). Electrons, like we mentioned on the last page, help differ the element from going right or left on the periodic table, so this makes sense. Metals have many properties such as good conductors of heat & electricity, high density, and ductile. 

Metalloids- The location of metalloids are  mostly adjacent to the line(the border between non-metals and metals).  

Element properties Continued...

The properties of metalloids are that they are highly lighted objects, and are somewhat good with conductivity with electricity. 

Non-metals - The location of the nonmetals are to the right of the line(the border between non-metals and metals). The properties of nonmetals are bad conductors of heat & electricity, non-malleable, and ductile. 

Valence Electrons Continued

Role of Valence Electrons 

in the periodic table-  The role of valence electrons is that it helps differ the families. The families determines if the element is going up or down, and since valence electrons help determine the families, it will determine the placement of the element. 

Role of Valence Electrons in Reactivity-

The amount of valence electrons determines the reactivity. For example, if the outer orbital shell has 8 valence electrons, it would be classified as not reactive because the entire outer orbital is filled up. Depending on how filled the outer orbital is with valence electrons, it will determine the reactivity. 

shell has 8 valence electrons, it would be classified as not reactive because the entire outer orbital is filled up. Depending on how filled the outer orbital is with valence electrons, it will determine the reactivity.

Alkali Metals 

The alkali metals are very reactive.  They are malleable, ductile, and are very good conductors for both heat and electricity. They are incredibly soft compared to their fellow metals.  They also have only a single valence electron in one of their atoms and they can lose it pretty easily due to bonding of ions(ionic bonding) with some elements. 

Three examples of elements are  hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), sodium (Na).
The everyday practical uses of Potassium is that it is usually in our every day foods and it is a good nutrient for us to survive. It is tend to be very healthy and we need a good amount of it to be healthy every day. 

The everyday practical uses of Sodium is that like Potassium, is that is in our usual every day foods. The thing is that we eat a lot of sodium and it can sometimes be not very healthy for the average human being, but it is an enjoyment to our mouths whenever we eat it.

N is for nucleus by the way and E is for electron.

(Sodium)

Alkaline Earth Metals 

The alkaline earth metals are metallic elements. In terms of chemical properties, they are extremely reactive. They have low densities, and low melting and boiling points. They are typically pretty bright  and white. 

Three examples of elements in the Alkaline Earth Metals are  Beryllium, Calcium, and Radium. 

Calcium is an everyday practical use in today's world.  We need it everyday to survive and we usually get a lot of calcium  from the Sun and what you eat in every day foods. Without it, our bones would be very weak. 

Magnesium is an every practical uses in the world. Most people, in the world have cars or vehicles, and most of those seats are built with magnesium. Since, we need to get around everyday, we are technically using magnesium every day.

N is for the nucleus and E is for the electrons.

                     (calcium)

Transition Metals

They are ductile and malleable. They are also amazing conductors for heat and electricity.  A cool thing about transition metals is that there valence electrons are in more than 1 orbital. They are not very reactive. 

Three elements in  the transition metals include Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel.

The everyday and practical uses of the element nickel is that we use it for money. In the coin, the nickel, we used the element Nickel to make it, and we used that Nickel to buy certain goods and items. The everyday and practical uses of the element  copper is similar to the nickel. We also use it for money such as the penny. The penny is made of copper and we used these forms of currency everyday to buy certain needs and wants.

   N represents the nucleus. E represents the electron. 

(Copper)

Boron Family

They are pretty reactive because they each have 3 valence electrons. They are a bad conductor to electricity  when the temperature is low, but when the temperature rises, it gets better. They are usually of dark colors.

 Examples of elements in this family include boron (B), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga),

The everyday and practical uses of the element aluminum. We use this everyday for things such as re-heating your food, and packing your food. Aluminum foil is the thing used to pack food and re-heat food, and aluminum is the thing aluminum foil is made out of.

The everyday and practical uses of the element Boron. We use this everyday in phones. In phones, the microprocessor chips and camera chips, are used in phones to make them to everyday functions, and we used our phone every day.

N is for nucleus, and E is for electrons)

(Boron)

Carbon Family

One of the main properties apparent in the carbon family is the changing from non metallic to metallic, while the atomic number increase. They usually have grey, white, and black colors. They are mostly unreactive.

Three elements in the carbon family are carbon, silicon, and lead.

The everyday and practical uses of carbon(carbon is used to make graphite) is when people write with mechanical pencils. The part that transfers to the page making it write is made out of carbon and people tend to use mechanical pencils daily to write.The everyday and practical uses of silicon is very apparent in everyday life. It used to make chips for the computer and most laptops. We used laptops everyday to work and entertain ourselves.