Gülay Kaynak Sarıkaya VocatIonal and TechnIcal HIgh School SEVGİ ŞEŞEN KÖSE
The Walnut Tree
Walnuts have a rich history dating back thousands of years and they are the oldest tree food known to man dating back to 7000 B.C.E.From the homeland in Persia they came to central Asia and China,in which the silk road played the main role.
The walnut tree is linked to numerous Legends of northern,Greek and Roman Mythology.Since in Greece they thought it was a gift from the Persian kings,the ancient Greeks called it ''Royal walnut'' and considered it a prophetic tree.Still in Greece ,the walnut tree was linked to the God Dionysus and to the Myth of Carya.
It is said in fact that Dionysus went to Laconia and was hosted by King Dion.There he fell in love with one of the three daughters,Carya,who reciprocated the feeling for the God of wine. sisters,Orphe and Lyco,jeolous of this relationship,began to spy and gossip about the God Dionysus who,taken by wrath,first drove them crazy and then turned them into rocks. But Carya,once she learned of the fact,died of sorrow.Then Dionysus,madly in love with the girl,decided to make her memory eternal,turning her into a walnut tree,which would produce fruithful fruit.Later,the Goddess Artemis visited the King and the Queen to tell them what had happened.The Laconians,grateful for the generosity of the goddess,erected a temple in her honour and in memory of Princess Carya.
That temple,dedicated to Artemis Karyatis,was supported by large statues carved in walnut wood,modelled with feminine features,which were called ''Caryatids''
Gülay Kaynak Sarıkaya Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School - Yasemin UYTUN
Story of the Kayın Tree
Uygurların Türeyiş Destanı
In the Uygur country, there is a hill called Kumlançu at the confluence of the Tuğla and Selenge rivers. They called it Mount Hulin. On Mount Hulin, the two trees had grown very close to each other. One was a kayın tree. One night, the people saw a light on top of the kayın tree.
Fearfully, they followed this light. It was a holy light. As long as this light remained on the kayın tree, the trunk of the kayın tree grew bigger and bigger. Music started coming from there every night.
Every night, the surrounding of the tree was illuminated by this holy light and the sounds of music were rising towards the sky.
The Uygur's were very surprised by this. For ten months and ten nights, the kayın tree was surrounded by light. One day, the trunk of the tree suddenly split open. Five small tents and five small chambers emerged from it. There was a child in each chamber.The children had pacifiers hanging above their mouths, and the people showed great respect to these holy children. The name of the youngest of the children was Sungur Tekin. Others were Kutur Tekin, Türek Tekin, Us Tekin and Bögü Tekin. The people believed that these five children were sent by God. They wanted to make one of these children their ruler. Bogü Han was the eldest. He looked more beautiful, smarter and more valiant than the others.That's why the people chose Bögü Han as their ruler. They placed him on the throne with a great ceremony. Turks feel fear and gratitude to the mighty trees for their respect for the Holy Kayın. They don't cut down trees that have hollows.The tree is also respected in Dede Korkut epics.
According to the oak, the serbian people were very much respected and a lot of the ancient specimen were considered deity and they were pleasing the cult.
The people would engrave crosses into the trees and the ones such as said were forbidden to be cut. Under those oaks, on summer holidays, prayers were told and offerings were brought. On every one of those occasions a new cross would be engraved into the tree.
Under the oak trees, assemblies were held, for example, the decision for The First Serbian uprising was made under an oak in Takovo.
People made churches and crosses next to old oaks which were probably pagan remains.
Oak branches had a big role in the cult. In south Serbia, the tradition is that on the saint Ignjat holiday, the house host enters the house with an oak branch and wishes the household members a happy New Year, after that, he makes fire with it and then sticks it in a timber until Christmas and then he burns it.
Oak branches had a big role in conveying rain. On that occasion the scarecrow carries it.
Also, three oak branches were put in drinks for manipulation against spells.
In the legends, witches were riding oak brooms.
Drinks made from oak resin were used for heartaches, tree bark was used to stop the bleedings, it was also used against feet sweating, against sneezing.
According to the legends, sickness can be carried over to the tree.
In Serbia, there are names such as Rastko or Rastislav, they are inspired by the oaks(hrast), because it is very important to our culture.
While interpreting the nature, the ancient people went to the way of personification and concretization. He made ascriptions of people, animals and plants to the forces that he could not understand or shape in his mind. These attributions have brought interpretations with them, and these interpretations have formed the origin of mythology.
Mythology is seen in many ancient societies. It is seen in Turks, Chinese, Aborigines, African tribes, Mesopotamian and Anatolian civilizations, Hittite, Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian and many other societies that we cannot write here.
Mythology consists of stories that include the lives of gods and superhuman beings, and the events between gods and humans. Mythology is intertwined with nature. Certain plants and fruits seen in nature appear in mythological stories. These fruits are given holiness by attributing to gods and goddesses.
Legendary Fruit Pomegranate
Another fruit of immortality, such as lemon and olive, is the pomegranate. Pomegranate is seen in many ancient societies. And it has been a symbol of fertility, immortality, abundance and fertility in all societies where it has been seen. Pomegranate has also been evaluated as a cult item.
The pomegranate, whose homeland is thought to be Iran and India, is a fruit seen in Mesopotamia, Anatolia and the Mediterranean region. Sumerian NU in cuneiform documents . ÚR.MA Akkadian NURMŪ was recorded as Hittite nuurmu or narma.
In all of the Near East cultures, pomegranate is a fruit that is held high, which is attributed to immortality, fertility, fertility and holiness as a source of life. M.O. IV. A pomegranate motif is seen on a millennium BC Uruk vase. A pomegranate-shaped box and a tomb with dried pomegranate seeds were unearthed in the Hyksos cemetery in Jericho.
XIV. and XIII. On the gold box found in the Ugarit region, dating to the XVIII century, and the XVIII. Pomegranate motifs draw attention in the tombs and temples of the dynasty. A pomegranate-shaped vessel is very important in the treasure found in Tutankhamen's tomb.
Pomegranate depictions BC. IX. and VIII. We see it on the wall reliefs of the Assyrian palaces and on the ivory carved artifacts found in the Phoenician region .
Pomegranate, the fruit of fertility
The HULUPPU tree, identified with the Goddess INANNA in the Sumerians, is thought to be the pomegranate tree. GIŞ in cuneiform texts. The word NU.UR.MA is considered to be a pomegranate tree. Goddess INANNA is the symbol of love, fertility and femininity, so she is referred to as the goddess who loves pomegranate.
In Assyrian sources, pomegranate has the same characteristics. However, it is noteworthy that in Assyrian texts, pomegranate is used not only as a contraceptive, but also as a contraceptive (u MUNUS nu peš) and even for abortion (u ša-mi arhuš šub-e). On Assyrian cylinder seals, a pomegranate tree motif is embroidered and read as the tree of life. In this case, it shows the opposite.
The Greeks, who attributed abundance, fertility, eternal life and immortality to lemon and olive trees, also attributed these meanings to pomegranate and tree. The pomegranate, which is the fruit of the Goddess in Mesoptamian cultures, is valid for the Goddess Aphrodite in Greek mythology. Goddess Aphrodite planted the pomegranate tree on the island of Cyprus and therefore became its tree. Pomegranate, with its many seeds and red color, represented women in ancient cultures. In Greek mythology, pomegranate was given as a name to many women. The name of the city "Side", which means pomegranate, is an example. The chief goddess of Side is Athena, and its sacred fruit is the pomegranate. There are pomegranate motifs on the coins found in the city of Side.
NACİYE MERT- KARŞIYAKA MTAL
Luka,Jovana,Masa,Ema,Nikoleta
Traditions related to the lemon tree
WHEN PROPOSING, THE MEN PROPOSING GIVE A LEMON OR AN APPLE AS A GIFT TO THE BRIDE THAT GIVES THEM A SCARF. ON WEDDINGS, THE BRIDE THROWS A LEMON INTO THE KOLO (A NATIONAL DANCE DANCED ON CELEBRATIONS IN SERBIA), AND THE MEN AND WOMEN FIGHT ABOUT WHO WILL CATCH IT. LEMON IS MEDICINE USED FOR HEARTACHES, VOMITING, HEPATITIS, FEVERS…AS EXTERNAL MEANS IT IS USED FOR HEADACHES AND FOR HEART ATTACKS.
Beetroot
BEETROOT JUICE IS USED AS MEDICINE FOR COUGHING
Oak cer.
ON CHRISTMAS EVE DAY THE POLOZAONIK ENTERS THE HOUSE WITH A CER BRANCH,THEN HE STICKS IT INTO THE WALL, ABOVE THE FIREPLACE. NOBODY IS ALLOWED TO TOUCH IT UNTIL IT FALLS BY ITSELF.ON A HOLIDAY NAMED DJURDJEVDAN IT IS A TRADITION TO FILTER MILK THROUGH THE CER BARK.IN THE AREA OF VELES THERE IS AN OLD OAK WHICH THE LOCALS CONSIDER A HOLY OBJECT. BEFORE THE SUNRISE, LOCALS LIGHT CANDLES AND TIE THREADS FROM THEIR CLOTHES. BARREN WOMEN GO THROUGH THE HOLE IN THE CER TREE BECAUSE IT IS BELIEVED THAT THEY WILL BE ABLE TO HAVE CHILDREN IF THEY DO THAT
DAPHNE
Esma Erçelik Kaplan
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Gülay Kaynak Sarıkaya VocatIonal and TechnIcal HIgh School SEVGİ ŞEŞEN KÖSE
The Walnut Tree
Walnuts have a rich history dating back thousands of years and they are the oldest tree food known to man dating back to 7000 B.C.E.From the homeland in Persia they came to central Asia and China,in which the silk road played the main role.
The walnut tree is linked to numerous Legends of northern,Greek and Roman Mythology.Since in Greece they thought it was a gift from the Persian kings,the ancient Greeks called it ''Royal walnut'' and considered it a prophetic tree.Still in Greece ,the walnut tree was linked to the God Dionysus and to the Myth of Carya.
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