INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL ENGLISHES

Between the reigns of Queen Elizabeth I and Queen Elizabeth II number of English speakers raised to approximately two billion.

There are nearly seventy five territories where English is spoken.

It is spoken in two ways;

- First language

-Official language

Global language acts like a 'Lingua Franca' which is used by people from different nations to communicate in a common language.

English is the Global Language because it is being spoken by nearly two billion people as a first, second or foreign language.

It is hard to tell the total number of  speakers of  English as a foreign language but it is around 430 million people who speak English as L1 and L2.

Lately, a new term appeared, 'English as an International Language'. People in Europe, China and Brasil are using English to communicate among themselves rather than their native languages. 

However, this spread of English raised concern. It is been said  that super fast spread ruins the purity of English. Everyday, new words and nouns are added to it.

It seems impossible to stop that spread because it is being used by nearly the quarter of the world's population.

The main reason is the need of a 'global language'. Two people from the different native languages can talk about something with the help of a common language.

You can get larger amounts of information when you search what you want in English or you can have a lesson from a teacher from a different nation thanks to a common language, that is global language. This is why it seems impossible to stop the global language.

THE TWO DISPERSALS OF ENGLISH

The First disperal resulted new mother tongue varieties involving migration of nearly 25.000 people from England to  North America and Australia.

The second dispersal is  the colonisation of Asia and Africa paving the way for the second language varieties also known as New Englishes.

WHO SPEAKS ENGLISH TODAY?

Among those two billion people. There are speakers of EFL, ESL, ENL and ELF;

EFL means 'English as a Foreign Language' which means the speaker uses it very little in daily life. (Countries have never been colonised by English before.)

ESL stands for 'English as a Second Language' which means English is being used in country- internal services. (Singapore, Nigeria)

ENL means ' English as a Native Speaker' that means it is the first language of that country. (UK, US)

ELF is the abbreviation of 'English as a Lingua Franca' using English to contact rather than the native language.

(Lingua Franca means a common language spoken by spokers of different native languages.)

MODELS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF WORLD ENGLISHES