This book was created and published on StoryJumper™

©2014 StoryJumper, Inc.   All rights reserved.

Publish your own children's book: 

www.storyjumper.com

1.   Combinations    ....................................... 7

2.   Fundamental Counting Principles .................. 13

3.   Mutually Exclusive events ......................... 15

4.   Non-Mutually Exclusive events ................... 17

5.   Pascals Triangle .................................... 23

6.   Sample Space ...................................... 27

7.   Theoretical Probability ............................ 27

8.   Permutations ....................................... 31     

9.   Experimental Probability .......................... 35

10. Trial ................................................ 35

11. Independent Events ............................... 37

12. Dependent Events ................................. 39

Nicki is turning 10 years old today! Today is her 

big 

day. She has friends coming over, decorations to 

shop for and outfits to buy. However, Nicki cannot 

do this on her own. She needs your help and 

expertise in Data Management! Lets start this 

adventure 

Nicki is at Party City. From all the decorations to 

choose from, there are 13 items she really likes. 

However, she only has enough money to choose and 

buy seven of them. Nicki has a choice of 13 items. 

In order to choose, Nicki can use the choosing 

formula to see how many possible combinations she 

has! Since order doesn't matter, she can find the 

number of arrangements using this formula! 

Nicki  has the choice of 13 items which means n=13 

Nicki  has to choose 7 items which means r=7 

When you plug the numbers in the formula, the 

number of ways Nicki can choose the decorations 

are revealed! 

Nicki can choose 1716 ways of buying the decorations. 

Nicki buys her decorations and is at the bakery 

ordering her cake. She has many options. For the 

flavors she has Vanilla, Chocolate and Raspberry. 

For the color of icings she has pink, green and 

blue. 

For the options of fruits she has apples, bananas, 

strawberries, mangoes and pineapples. 

How many ways of putting together this cake does she 

have? (she can only use one of each option) 

In order to calculate the number of ways she can 

order a cake, we have to use the Fundamental 

counting principle. This means that we simply 

multiply all the items we have. 

Nicki now has 45 different ways of ordering her cake!

Nicki wants a mixture of Vanilla and Chocolate cake 

since she can't decide what she wants between the two 

of the flavors. However, the baker tells her she can't 

have two flavors at once and that they are mutually 

exclusive. Nicki was confused by what that means! The 

bakers simply tells her: 

"Mutually exclusive events is when two events cannot 

occur at the same time. You want Vanilla and Chocolate 

together but only one can happen at a time! You can't be 

here and at the mall at the same time, those events are 

mutually exclusive! They have nothing in common"

Nicki asks "Well, is there a word for the opposite? 

there has to be an opposite right?"

The baker says "yes you smart child, if the cakes 

were able to mix and bake together, the event 

would be called non-mutually exclusive since they 

can overlap and occur at the same time!"

Maybe Nicki should find a baker that can cater to 

her non-mutually exclusive cake orders....

Nicki orders her Vanilla cake and leaves the 

bakery. When she steps outside she notices there 

is a carnival. After a hard day of shopping for she 

figured she would take a break and play a game to 

relax herself from all that hard work!

She sees a man with a stand and a neat table. Here 

is something we don't know: Nicki is a Data 

Management genius. When she sees this game, her 

mathematical senses start to tingle.

The rule of the game is that she has to drop the 

ball and in order to win, the ball has to land in A 

and D. When Nicki hears this, she senses that the 

chances of the ball landing in A and D are very low. 

She asked the man about this and he was so 

impressed! He tells her "Child, this is called the 

Pascal's Triangle. The sum of each row is 2 to the 

power of the row number, in this case 3, which is 8. 

Meaning, the probability of each outcome is out of 8"

She thought about this for a while, and then figured 

out that the probability of A and D are 1/8 while the 

probability of landing in B and C are 3/8. She decides 

to not waste her money and buy food instead. 

She walks further and sees another man with 

another game

"Another man trying to fool me? Thank goodness I 

took Data Management with Mr. Cho, I know not to 

be tricked with these games" 

The condition of this game was that if Nicki rolled 

the dice and the sum was 10 and higher, Nicki can 

win a prize. 

You've previewed 26 of 40 pages.

To read more: