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Billy's Dad explained to Billy that every object in the Solar System has 

craters on their surface. He also explained that even planet Earth was often

impacted by large asteroids and meteorites.    

Billy's Dad then said:

"The asteroids and meteorites that created the craters on all of the Solar

System's objects occurred a very very long time ago. Approximately 4 

billion years ago."

Just then, Billy's Dad asked Billy to close his eyes and imagine they were 

traveling back in time 4 billion years ago. His dad told him to imagine that 

asteroids and meteorites were colliding with planets and each other every 

second. 

Billy's Dad then told Billy, "That is what it would have been like to live

during the Late Heavy Bombardment period."

"The reason that the Moon and other planets contain many 

craters is due to the Late Heavy Bombardment period. This 

was an intense asteroid and comet bombardment." explained 

Billy's Dad.

He also told Billy that, "Many of the craters on the Moon you 

are currently looking at are a result of the Late Heavy 

Bombardment period.

Billy was amazed by this period in the universe but was still 

wondering how the craters had formed...

To recreate the Late Heavy Bombardment period that occurred 

roughly 4 billion years ago, an experiment was set up between 

Billy and his Dad.

They created a surface similar to the Moon's by using a large 

container filled with sand. Billy then dropped and even threw lead 

balls into the sand to represent an asteroid or a comet impacting 

the Moon's surface.

Once they were done, Billy noticed that his model was almost an 

exact representation of the Moon's surface

Billy then started to observe craters on many different objects and 

planets through his telescope. 

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