PORIFERA

Need to know:

Porifera (otherwise known as sponges) live in water.

Some examples are: glass sponges, demo sponges, and the barrel sponge.

A lot of sponges are asymmetrical

They are detrivores and filter feeders.

glass

sponge

Anatomy:

when water passes

through the pores

of the sponge

and specialized

cell grabs the nutr-

ients from the food

the water filtered

in.

Defense:

A sponge defends itself by releasing a bubble like toxin into the water to ward away predators.

Breathing:

Sponges break water (H2O) down and take in the oxyen.

They have no tissues.

Reproduction:

sponges are hermaphrodites( they have both male and female reproduction organs). They reproduce sexually by spraying sperm in the water. the eggs in and outside of the sponge may get fertilized by the sperm.

Sponges reproduce asexually by budding. Which is when a piece of the sponge breaks off and grows into a new sponge.

Food goes in the way waste goes out.

Movement: Most sponges are sessile (they stay in one spot forever) but some just move very,very,very slowly.

Digestion:

This occurs in the cells by absorbtion.

video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8a0oNsDEx8

Anatomy:

The tentacles surround the

mouth of the jellyfish.

Nematosis (the stinging cells)

are used to catch food.

Cnidaria (stinging animals):

Examples:

1) jellyfish

2) coral

3) hydra

4) sea anemone

5) sea urchins

General Characteristics

digestive system: a huge body cavity inside the animal extreets chemicals to eat food. Waste and food both go to the same place.

Diet: Cnidarians are carnivores (meat eaters). They catch animals in their tentacles as they swim or float by.

tissues: They usually have 2 layers of tissue, though some have 3.

Breathing: They take in oxygen through their tissue layers.

Movement:

They are sessile in their polyp stage and free living in their adult stage. Though they usually float rather than swim.

Habitat: All Cnidarians live in water.

Symmetry: They have Radial (same however you turn it) symmetry.

Defense:

-They mimic plants

-Stinging darts (nematosis)

-Chemicals

-some have hard outer coverings

-They live in colonies

Reproduction:

Asexual:

budding

(during the polyp

stage)

Sexual:

the egg is fertilized by the sperm.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37geKQg5fMo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dgre5EBQLaM

Annellids/Segmented worms:

Examples:

leech

earthworm

General Characteristics:

Segmented worms are bilateral. So if you cut them in half their two sides would be exactly the same.

Habitat:

In water, on land, and underground.

Movement: setea (bristles/hair for movement) dig in the ground and the worm propels forward.

Breathing:

Take in dissolved oxygen through their moist skin.

Tissues: they have 3 basic tissue layers

diet: leech - blood and decaying matter

earth worms- decaying matter

digestive system:

release waste through a tube that runs down the length of their body.

reproduction: worms are hermaphrodites and can reproduce sexually or asexually (regeneration).

defense:

burrowing

regeneration

bad tasting chemicals

anatomy: mouth takes in dirt (aerate) takes in nutrients from the soil.

pharnyx: swallows soil

Aortic Arches: 5 pairs of hearts which pump the blood

gizzard: Grinds food

Clitella: holds reproductive organs

Crop: stores food

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WaYc7ezX2gI

MOLLUSK:

Examples:

Bivalve: scallop,oyster,clam,mussles

Cephalopod: squid,octopus, cuttlefish

Gastropod: Conch,Snail,slug,limpet

defense:

hide in shells.

Go places the predator cannot,chemicals,Clams shoot water,change color and texture, and flatten themselves.