Part 1: Napoleon

Pages 4 to 5- Napoleon's Birthplace

Pages 6 to 7- Napoleon's Early Military Victories

Pages 8 to 9- Coup d'Etat

Pages 10 to 11- Plebiscite

Pages 12 to 13- Lycee

Pages 14 to 15- Concordat

Pages 16 to 17- Napoleonic Code

Pages 18 to 19- Coronation Ceremony (emperor)

Pages 20 to 21- Louisiana Purchase

Pages 22 to 23- Battle of Trafalgar

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Napoleon's Birthplace

Napoleon Bonaparte was born on Tuesday, August 15, 1769 in Ajaccio, Corsica, France from parents Carlo and Letizia Bonaparte. He had 13 siblings in which only 8 (including him) survived. 9 days after Napoleon's birth, Letizia turned 19.

Napoleon's Early Military Victories

The military career of Napoleon Bonaparte spanned over 20 years. As emperor, he led the French Armies in the Napoleonic Wars. He is widely regarded as a military genius and one of the finest commanders in world history. He fought 60 battles, losing only eight, mostly at the end. One of his earliest military victories was known as the Siege of Toulon where France was engaged in wars with many of the monarchist states of Europe. He showed his debut by showing great skill in increasing and deploying his resources.

Coup d'Etat

The coup d'etat, also known as the Coup of 18 Brumaire brought General Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of France, and, in the view of most historians, ended the French Revolution. This bloodless coup d' etat overthrew the Directory, replacing it with the French Consulate. This occurred on November 9, 1799, which was 18 Brumaire, Year VIII under the French Republican Calendar.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Plebiscite

A plebiscite is in which the people of a country as a whole vote to decide on an issue. Because all French people were given the chance to cast their vote, they felt empowered by Napoleon’s system, this helped his popularity immensely, resulting in a unanimous vote to give Napoleon absolute monarchy with only 5,000 negative votes and 1.3 million positive votes.

Lycee

Lycee, in France, an upper-level secondary school preparing pupils for the baccalauréat (the degree required for university admission). The first lycée was established in 1801, under the educational reforms of Napoleon Bonaparte. Lycées formerly enrolled the nation’s most talented students in a course of instruction lasting seven years. These lycées were divided into three types having different areas of specialization: classical studies, modern studies, and scientific-technological studies.

Concordat

The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII, signed on Wednesday, July 15, 1801 in Paris. It remained in effect more than a century later until 1905. It sought national reconciliation between revolutionaries and Catholics and solidified the Roman Catholic Church as the majority church of France, with most of its civil status restored.

Napoleonic Code

The Napoleonic Code is the French written code established under Napoleon in 1804. It was drafted by a commission of four eminent jurists and entered into force on March 21, 1804. The Code, with its stress on clearly written and accessible law, was a major step in replacing the previous patchwork of feudal laws. Some regards this as one of the few documents that have influenced the whole world.

Coronation Ceremony (emperor)

The coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French took place on Sunday December 2, 1804 at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. It marked "the instantiation of modern empire" and was a "transparently masterminded piece of modern propaganda." Napoleon wanted to establish legitimacy of his imperial reign, with its new royal family and new nobility. Therefore, he designed a new coronation ceremony that was unlike the ceremony used for the kings of France. In the traditional coronation, kings underwent a ceremony of consecration (declaration) rather than a coronation (crowning).

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Louisiana Purchase

The Americans thought that Napoleon might withdraw the offer at any time, preventing the United States from acquiring New Orleans, so they agreed and signed the Louisiana Purchase Treaty on April 30, 1803. The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory by the United States from France in 1803. The land consisted of more than 530 million acres of territory from France in 1803, at the cost of about three cents per acre; fifteen million in total. Plus interest, the United States paid a total of $27,267,622 in exchange for the Louisiana territory which would approximately equal around $706.6 billion dollars today.

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Battle of Trafalgar

In 1805, the First French Empire, under Napoleon Bonaparte, was the dominant military land power on the European continent, while the British Royal Navy was the most dominant military power in the seas. During the course of the war, the British imposed a naval blockade on France, which affected trade and kept the French from being able to deploy their naval forces. Despite the French being able to break down part of the blockade, they failed to inflict major damage upon the British, who were able to attack French interests at home and abroad with relative ease. Britain's victory at the Battle of Trafalgar ensured that Napoleon would never invade Britain. Nelson was then hailed the savior of Britain.

Part 2: French Revolution

Pages 26 to 27- History of France

Pages 28 to 29- Meeting of the Estates General

Pages 30 to 31- Tennis Court of Oath

Pages 32 to33- Storming of the Bastille

Pages 34 to 35- The March on Versailles

Pages 36 to 37- Reign of Terror

Pages 38 to 39- Rise of Napoleon

Pages 40 to 41- Fall of Napoleon

Pages 42 to 43- Congress of Vienna

History of France

The financial crisis was primarily because of an inefficient and unfair tax structure, outdated medieval bureaucratic institutions, and also an inequitable tax system which placed the burden of taxation on those least able to pay, the Third Estate. Each estate only had the right to one vote, although the third estate was vastly larger than the first and second, they also only had the right to one vote. The one who summoned the estates was King Louis XVI who had the hope that this meeting would come up with a possible solution to end this crisis.