Table of Contents

History...............................................................pg.3

Music................................................................pg.4

Spanish Riding School....................................pg.10

Croissants.......................................................pg.12

Postcards.......................................................pg.18

Resources......................................................pg.20

Austria is a country is south-central Europe. Historic Vienna is the capital of Austria. It is bordered by Germany, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Switzerland, Slovakia, Italy, and Slovenia. Most people living in Austria speak German. Austria has been part of many empires throughout history, including the Austro-Hungarian empire. In 1914, the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand led to the start of World War I. After the war, the empire was split and the Republic of Austria was born. German troops occupied Austria during the second world war. In 1955, Austria became an independent nation. Austria become part of the EU in 1995.

Austria has a rich music history, Vienna especially. Many people are most familiar with Wolfgang Mozart, a brilliant musician who was born in Austria. But what many people don't know is that Mozart had an older sister, who was also a music prodigy. Unlike her brother, Maria Mozart was not able to pursue music past childhood. Here is her life story, including a letter that Wolfgang wrote to Maria while he was away on tour without her.

My name is Maria Anna Mozart and I was born on July 30 in 1751. From the day I was born, I loved music. I begged my father to teach me to play the piano, and he did. When my brother, Wolfgang, was born, it was clear that he too, was musically gifted. We traveled all over Europe, people calling us "wonders of nature" and "child geniuses." I was considered one of the best pianists in Europe. While my father was sick, Wolfgang composed his first symphony and I wrote it down. We returned home to great fanfare. But when it was time for another tour, I was left behind....

So I began playing privately and in churches. I also began composing my own music. Then one day, Wolfgang returned and we played a duet together on the piano. When it was time for him to leave, I wept so hard that I made myself sick.

I eventually married and moved away from Salzburg. Even with five step-children to care for, I made time to play the piano that I had brought with me. Even when the cold winter warped the keys, I played. I had my own children and lost my dearest brother, Wolfgang.

When my husband died, I returned to Salzburg and began performing in private concerts and teaching young artists.

One day, I was visited by Wolfgang's son. I led him to my piano and we played together, just as Wolfgang and I had done.

I was reminded of the reason that I played: for the love of music.

Dearest Maria, July 1776

I miss you. The music isn't as beautiful without you playing at my side. In honor of your 25th birthday, I have written the D Major Divertimento (K. 251). It is a difficult piece, but I know that you will play it beautifully. Hopefully I will be home to share it with you soon.

Remember to always play for the love of music, even if there is no one to hear.

Your loving brother,

Wolfgang

Horses play a large role in Austria's history and culture. The Spanish Riding School in Vienna is home to the famous Lipizzaner stallions. Horses at this stable were originally trained for military purposes. The tradition began in 1572, and this stable is the oldest of its kind. Performances were originally put on for royalty, but since 1918 have been open to the public to maintain the program and facilities. During WWII, the prized stallions were relocated and did not return to Vienna until 1955. This poster is an example of an advertisement that you would see in Austria today to see the prized Lipizzaner stallions perform.

The Spanish Riding School presents:

A Tribute to Vienna!

Two world famous cultural institutions come together

Tickets

on Sale

Now!

The ballet of the white stallions with musical performances by the Vienna Boys' Choir.

When you hear the word croissant, you probably think of France. However, the original croissant comes from Vienna, Austria. The kipferl, as it was known, originated in the 13th century and went on to become a morning pastry. It is a light bread, made in a crescent shape, and filled with nuts or other fillings. Legend says that the croissant was created as a reference to the Ottoman flag, in honor of the bakers who prevents the Turks from tunneling underground into the city by warning the Christians. Here is the recipe for the well-known, significant, and delicious pastry.

Croissant Recipe

Ingredients: 1 lb. all-purpose flour, 4 tbsp sugar, 1 tsp salt, 1/2 ounce fresh yeast, 1 1/4 cups milk, 12 oz. unsalted butter, 1 lightly beaten egg

Materials: large bowl, electric mixer, plastic wrap, baking sheets, rolling pin, sharp knife, small basting brush, oven