is for Animals

The American Indians used animals for things such as transportation, food, and clothing. Animals were considered to play a big part in Native culture. They are said to be messengers to the ancestors. Some sacred animals include eagles, coyotes, buffalo, ravens, and turtles (Schilling, 2017).

is for Bison

Bison are sometimes called buffalo, but they are, in fact, different. Along with physical differences, the bison is native to North America, South America, and Europe. The buffalo is native to Africa and Asia (Jackson Hole Meat Co., 2016). The top picture is a bison and the bottom is a buffalo.

is for Council

Council, also referred to as Tribal Council, is the group in charge. They ensure that the chief(s) were carrying out their duties. They had the power to replace a chief if he was not doing his job.

Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)

is for Dogs

American Indians used dogs for transportation before the arrival of horses. They transported belongings on travois, a type of sled.

Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)

is for Earthlodge

An earthlodge can be described as a dome shaped home. It is made of logs and covered with willow branches, grass, and mud. The Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara used earthlodges as their homes.

Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)

is for Four Bears

Four Bears was the name of the two important chiefs: one was a Mandan, and the other a Hidatsa. Four Bears, the Mandan: He received his name after a battle in which the other warriors said that he had fought like four bears. Four Bears, the Hidatsa: started the Like-A-Fishhook village and signed a treaty setting up a reservation for the Hidatsa, Mandan, and Arikara.

Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)

is for Great North Dakota

The Great North Dakota Nation is made up of Lakota, Nakota, and Dakota groups. It occupied parts of Minnesota, South Dakota, and other areas west of the Mississippi River. Each group contained their own language and cultures.

Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)

is for Hidatsa

The Hidatsa people lived in villages of earthlodges. Their main means of support was agriculture. Women farmed. The Hidatsa people suffered greatly from the smallpox epidemic.

Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)

is for Illness

Illness struck in 1781. The smallpox epidemic killed thousands of Mandan, Hidatsa, and people from other plains tribes.

Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)

is for Josephine Gates Kelly

Josephine Gates Kelly was elected to the Standing Rock Tribal Council and later became the first woman to be elected in the United States Tribal Chair. She fought for fair treatment of the Standing Rock Indian Tribe and was successful.

Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)

is for Keith Bear

Keith Bear is a member of the Three Affiliated tribes. He is a world known flute player who uses his instrument to tell stories.

Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)

is for Lakota Sioux

The Lakota Sioux was made up of several major tribes and was the larges of the Great Dakota Nation. They had a large hunting area and were the most nomadic of the Sioux groups.

Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)

is for Mandan

The Mandan were the first Plains Village group to become a modern Indian tribe. The tribe settled along the Missouri River in North Dakota.

Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)

is for Nomadic

Nomadic can be described as a wondering way of life. It is thought that the Plains Nomadic people came from forests in the east. They did not have permanent homes and traveled in small bands.

Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)

is for Oyate Tribe

The Oyate Tribe (Sisseton-Wahpeton) is made up of the Dakota people. Their reservation boundries extend across seven countries; two in North Dakota and five in South Dakota.

Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)

is for Plains Indians

Plains Indians are people who lived on the plains. All of North Dakota's Indian Tribes would be referred to as "Plain Indians." Although each plain tribe had its own culture, they were all alike in some ways.

Herman G. and Johnson, L. (2012)