CHAPTER 1- SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MAJOR ECONOMIC SYSTEM

North Korea's Command Economy

North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea 

an unreformed, isolated, tightly controlled, dictatorial command economy. 

The Korean peninsula was a Japanese colony from 1910 to 1945.

Germany's Market Economy

The economy of Germany is a highly developed social market economy.

It has the largest national economy in Europe, the fourth-largest by nominal GDP in the world, and fifth by GDP (PPP). 

In 2017, the country accounted for 28% of the euro area economy according to the IMF.

Command Economy

an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government.

a key feature of any communist society. Cuba, North Korea and the former Soviet Union

a system where the government, rather than the free market, determines what goods should be produced, how much should be produced and the price at which the goods are offered for sale

Traditional Economy

An economic system in which traditions, customs, and beliefs help shape the goods.

services the economy produces, as well as the rules and manner of their distribution

Countries that use this type of economic system are often rural and farm-based.

Market Economy

A market economy is an economic system in which economic decisions and the pricing of goods and services

guided solely by the aggregate interactions of a country's individual citizens and businesses.

There is little government intervention or central planning.

Farm Subsidies

An agricultural subsidy (also called an agricultural incentive), is a government incentive paid to agribusinesses

agricultural organizations and farms to supplement their income, manage the supply of agricultural commodities

influence the cost and supply of such commodities.

Tax Incentives

 a government measure that is intended to encourage individuals and businesses to spend money

To save money by reducing the amount of tax that they have to pay.

an aspect of a country's tax code designed to incentive or encourage a particular economic activity.

CHAPTER 2- SPATIAL RELATONSHIPS BETWEEN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES.

Primary Economic Activities

*Forestry

*Copper Mining

*Growing Coffee

Secondary Economic Activites

1.Producing copper wire

2.Furniture Making

3.Grinding Coffee Beans

Tertiary Economic Activites

Furniture sales

selling copper wire

selling coffee latte

Automobiles Providers of Components

1. Glass
2. Tires
3. Sheet metal

Computers Providers of Components

1.circuit boards

2.software

3.Electrical Components

4.wireless chips

Von Thunem Model

Early in the 19th century Johann Heinrich von Thünen(1783-1850) developed a model of land

Thünen's model of agricultural land, created before industrialization, made the following simplifying assumptions:

Von Thünen was a skilled farmer who was knowledgable in economics

Christaller’s central place theory

Central place theory is a geographical theory that seeks to explain the number, size and location of human settlements in a residential system.

Thetheory was created by the German geographer WalterChristaller, who asserted that settlements simply functioned.

central places' providing services to surrounding areas.

Oil Towns Texas And Oklahoma

The first major discovery in Oklahoma Territory when it was opened in 1904, as were the Muskogee Field and its associated pools.

Discovery of the Powell Field, also near Corsicana, followed in 1900. Jan. 10, 1901, is the most famous date in Texas petroleum history.



Oil in Oklahoma. Oil in Oklahoma was first discovered, by accident, in 1859, nearSalina, in the then Oklahoma Territory, in a well that had been drilled for salt.

High Tech Corridor of Cities in India

Bangalore Known as TECH CITY or Silicon Valley of India. Bangalore

The city has a population of over 8 Million. Indian technological organisations ISRO, Infosys, Wipro and HAL are headquartered in the city.

officially known as Bengaluru tops India's tech city chart.

Textile Mills Towns of North and South Carolina

Some of the people who lived in mill villages in Gaston County in the 1920s and 1930s described their lives in the mills and mill villages for a 1985 oral history project conducted for the North Carolina Humanities Committee.

 South Carolina developed its textile industry, industrialists built mills and employed people, including children. ... This photo, by Lewis Wickes Hine, depicts a row of mill houses in Clinton, South Carolina. ... Lydia Mills, Clinton, S.C.

From 1880 until about 1930 southern mill towns showed a continuation of the ... and mill villages for a 1985 oral history project conducted for the North Carolina ...

CHAPTER 3: Factors that Influence Economic Activities

Site as an Economic Influence

Refers to the specific place where something is located, including its physical setting (e.g., on a floodplain).

the general location of something in relation to other places or features of a larger region (e.g., in the center of a group of cities or New York’s situation as a port of entry on the Atlantic coast

Adjacent to heavy and light industries, transportation networks, productive agricultural lands, and major market areas; textile manufacturing in the American South was supported by proximity to the raw material (cotton), low-cost labor, ample power, and access to markets (water and rail transport)

Singapore Deep Water Ports

The Port of Singapore refers to the collective facilities and terminals that conduct maritime trade.

Which handle Singapore's harbours and shipping.

It is ranked as the top maritime capital of the world, since 2015.

3 local manufacturing businesses



Denmark Water Department

Phoenix Specialty Manufacturing

Phoenix Specialty Mfg. Co.

Globalization of Economic Activities

Globalization is the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world resulting in the expansion of cultural, economic, and political activities so that they become worldwide in scope and impact due to technological advances in communication and advances transportation.

Environmental issues that accompany trade

Also, higher levels of income can interact with trade and the environment in all sorts of ways. This paper tries to disentangle the causality between trade and the environment by first testing for the effect of openness on the environment while controlling for income. Then the authors focus on exogenous variation in trade attributable to geography (for example distance from major trading partners), and on variation in income per capita attributable to standard growth determinants (for example population, investment, and education).

Carbon Footprint

The amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person, group, etc.

Consumers like Inexpensive Goods

 A shopper can buy the cheaper generic brand and save a few dollars, or buy the more gourmet brand that tastes better and is healthier for the family, but costs more. Now a new a Nielsen report suggests which choice shoppers generally prefer.

U.S. workers may lose their jobs due to outsourcing

New research shows that more than three-quarters of jobs lost were in manufacturing. ... Jobs outsourced to China have diminished American employment opportunities and have helped contribute to wage erosion since 2001, when China entered the World Trade Organization, new research shows.

trade imbalances between the U.S. and China



The U.S. trade deficit with China was $419 billion in 2018. The trade deficit exists because U.S. exports to China were only $120 billion while imports from China were $540 billion. 

Chile produces grapes that are out of season in the U.S.

Chile stepped up shipments to the U.S. by early January, however, with the remaining California inventory having dissipated, Brux said, dropping to 1.5 million cases at the end of the year, according to a recent market report.

drawing in foreign currency but shipping out

Currency Exchange at Banks. Most major banks will exchange your U.S. dollars for a foreign currency if you have a checking or savings account with the institution. In some cases, a bank will exchange currency if you have a credit card with the bank.