Computer Network

Definition: A network is a group of computers connected together in a way that allows information to be exchanged between the computers.

Packet

A piece of a message transmitted over a packet-switching network.

Local Area Network (LAN)

Definition: Local area network (LAN) technologies connect many devices that are relatively close to each other, usually in the same building.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Definition: Wide area network (WAN) technologies connect a smaller number of devices that can be many kilometers apart.

Node

Definition: A node is anything that is connected to the network. While a node is typically a computer, it can also be something like a printer or CD-ROM tower.

Media Access Control (MSC)

Definition: This is the physical address of any device -- such as the NIC in a computer -- on the network.

IP Address

Definition: An IP address is an identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network.

Bus Topology

Definition: Bus topology is when each node is daisy-chained along the same backbone, similar to Christmas lights. Information sent from a node travels along the backbone until it reaches its destination node. Each end of a bus network must be terminated with a resistor to keep the signal that is sent by a node across the network from bouncing back when it reaches the end of the cable.

Ring Topology

Definition: a network configuration in which device connections create a circular data path.

Network Token

Definition:  a special series of bits that travels around a token-ring network. As the token circulates, computers attached to the network can capture it. The token acts like a ticket, enabling its owner to send a message across the network.

Star Topology

Definition: a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which all nodes are individually connected to a central connection point, like a hub or a switch.

Tree Topology

Definition: a special type of structure in which many connected elements are arranged like the branches of a tree.

Protocol

Definition: An agreed-upon format for transmitting data between two devices.

Peer-Peer Architecture

Definition: a type of network in which each workstation has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities.

Client/Server Architecture

Definition: a network architecture in which each computer or process on the network is either a client or a server.