After the Civil War, Lincoln Created the 10% Reconstruction Plan:

U.S would respect southern property (except for slaves)

Full pardon and citizenship to those willing to swear an oath of allegiance

States could form governments and be readmitted when 10% of voters swore the oath. States would also have to abolish slavery

The Radical Republicans were outraged with this plan. They wanted to abolish slaver, extend rights to former slaves, and PUNISH the south. Congress responded however with the Wade-Davis Bill:

-Congress should control Reconstruction

-50% of voters should sing oath

-States have to abolish slavery and give rights to the slaves

The goal for the Wade-Davis bill was to destroy all power of slave holders. The result: Lincoln pocket-vetoed and congress shot back by not allowing states in under his plan of reconstruction. Lincoln was then assassinated in 1865 giving way for Andrew Johnson. The least qualified and the most racist president ever.

As soon as Johnson took office he created a plan of his own. The Johnson Restoration Plan:

-Granted pardons to leading Confederates

-Slavery conventions to repeal secession and ratify the 13th Amendment

The difference: Johnson wanted to restore to the way it was and believed blacks were inferior to whites. He was more lenient to Confederates.

Following Johnson's ridiculous plan, Southern states started forming Black Codes:

-Restricted rights of African Americans

-Ensured their availability as a cheap labor source

Southern states started sharecropping which put most sharecroppers in debt. This was basically slavery.

Congress was angry at the Johnson plan because it gave ex-confederates power and the North lost political advantage because blacks were counted as full people rather then 3/5. Therefore the South had 12 more votes in congress.

Congress fought back with the Freedmans Beureau and the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

The Freedmans Beureau gave slaves an education and got them back on their feet. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 gave blacks citizenship and forbid states from passing black codes. BUT Johnson vetoes because it was "unconstitutional" . BUT!! congress overrides his veto.

This starts the Congressional Reconstruction where congress takes control. They pass the 14th amendment which provided the constitutional basis for the Civil Rights Act. This gave civil rights, less representation of states denying blacks to vote, and disqualified confederates from office.