FOREWORD

The Amazon River is a freshwater river, the largest in the world, it is one of the richest ecosystems on our planet, and it serves as a refuge for millions of species of animals and plants, many still to be discovered. It is also the largest river basin in South America, it is of great importance, as it is the blood of the Amazon jungle and has diverse wildlife.

The Amazon River originated during the Miocene some 11,311.8 million years ago. The elevation of the land and the formation of the Andes towards the end of the Cretaceous, as a consequence of the collision between the Nazca plate and the South American plate, led to the body of water becoming an inland sea that gradually acquired marshy characteristics. . Its current shape dates back to 2.4 million years ago, according to Hoorn's study, making it one of the youngest rivers.

We can find in this river, animals such as: Pink dolphin, Angel of the Sea, Piranhas, Black Cayman, Arowana, Pirarucú, Tetras and Electric Eel.

And the plants that we can find in this river are: Pistia stratiotes, Water Fern, Giant Water Lily, Mangroves, Water Hyacinth and Victoria Amazonica

This great river passes through Peru, Colombia and Brazil, empties into the Atlantic, it is the largest in the world. Its drainage area or basin is also the largest on the planet's surface, reaching approximately 7,050,000 square km.

It is fed by about 1,100 tributaries along its more than 6,400 meters in length; some of the main ones are the Napo, Pastaza, Caquetá, Chambira, Tapajós, Nanay and Huallaga rivers. Its longest tributary is the Madeira River. However, the length of the river is a doubtful matter, since the exact site of its origin is unclear, it is one of the 2 longest rivers in the world, with the Nile river.

Its climate is between humid, warm and rainy, in the day and night temperatures there is a lot of difference, especially between the coldest and warmest months, in the Amazon the night is considered winter.

Its environmental problems are not so good since it does not stop falling, and with this decrease not only environmental problems are evident, but it also brings several consequences, in addition oil activity is contaminating the headwaters of the Amazon rivers and modifying the composition chemistry of its waters.

Likewise, also the most contaminated, mercury from gold mines, waste dumped and the increase in population near it. Overfishing is another threat that on the one hand affects food chains and on the other economy, while the construction of roads prevents the normal movement of species and can alter the river's hydrology.