Edgar, Richard, Venson and Crystan.
You all are a constant source of inspiration for me.
This book was created and published on StoryJumper™
©2014 StoryJumper, Inc. All rights reserved.
Publish your own children's book:
www.storyjumper.com
Clark vs Kozma
The great media fire surrounding the question "Does
Media Influence Learning?" got its fuel from the big
debate between Richard Clark and Robert Kozma in the
early 1990's. The viewpoints surrounding this question
vary greatly about the impact of media and attributes of
media on learning, motivation, and efficiency gains from
instruction. On one hand you have the supporters of
Richard Clark's theory that "media will never influence
learning" and on the other side you have Robert
Kozma's theory that "learning with media is a
complimentary process". It does stand to note that both
sides bring a good argument to the table and the
comparison and contrast on both sides is the reason
that such a debate has come about. Let's look at both
sides in depth.
When asked the question "Do Media Influence
Learning?" you will get a response from
Robert Kozma that "capabilities of a particular
medium, in conjunction with methods that take
advantage of these, interact with and influence
the ways learners represent and process
information". In response to that theory,
Richard Clark challenged by stating "...media
do not influence learning under any conditions.
Rather,...media are mere vehicles that deliver
instruction but do not influence student
achievement any more than the truck that
delivers our groceries causes changes in our
nutrition." My first and immediate thought was
to side with Kozma and after thorough reading, I
must say that I do agree with Kozma's theory. As I
sit back and reflect, a large part of my agreement
comes from first hand experience.
Reflections
As I reflect on my perception of media's influence on
learning, I cant help but to reflect on my first years of
teaching in 1986. At that time, the only media for information
for teachers and students were textbooks, magazines,
newspapers, and television. Many of these provided outdated
information or information that had already changed by the
time it was presented. Although we were content with what
we had to work with, we were eager to embrace the new
media for instruction as we watched it change around us and
the impact it was having on student learning.
After reading this module, I must say that I know first
hand and I agree with Kozma that "learning with media is a
complementary process within which a learner and a medium
interact to expand or refine the learner’s mental model of a
particular phenomenon". I feel that it was important for me as
the teacher to know how to find, evaluate, and use media
effectively to facilitate the learning process for my students.
Knowing and understanding how media influences learning helped
me to integrate different media into the curriculum. We watched
our students test scores continue to improve as different media was
being used in the learning process.
My thoughts now regarding does media influence learning is far
more inquisitive and exploratory. After reading the material and
listening to the audio clip, I feel more than ever that media is the
key to the success of learning. As I look at the data on how
students will read over 2300 web pages, 1281 facebook pages and
will spend 3.5 hours a day on-line, it shows you where students
interest are. My thoughts now reflect on how I will be able to
integrate these into my teaching strategies. I am already thinking of
how I can prepare my lessons to allow my students to take
advantage of the different medium available to them. All of this falls
in line with why I am taking this course now. Returning as a
classroom teacher after being out of the classroom for the past 5
years, I knew that technology had changed and advanced, and I
plan to adapt as many different medium as I can in my instructional
strategies.
I am in constant search of the most effective way of
integrating various media in my teaching strategies. I am
always looking for what worked well and what needs
improvement. According to Kozma, "We must design our
instruction in ways that embed the use of media in these
processes". I am also constantly looking at my strengths and
how I can use various media to help me progress as a teacher.
With this year being my first year back in the classroom, I
am trying to jump right in on integrating various media into
my teaching. I am designing lessons that are challenging my
students to use critical thinking skills that they have only
seldom used before. The different media helps motivate the
students to perform at higher levels and maintain a level of
enthusiasm with the learning process.
As I compare the information media now to those of the
1980s, it is as if a whole new world of information has opened
up. Being in IDT MS program has allowed me to get the
perspective of both a student and a teacher. My instructors
have integrated different media into our coursework, that has
not only been extremely interesting, but the learning has been
challenging and fun. The assignments have presented us with
the opportunity to use HOTS with a variety of media to
complete a task. This experience has also given me an
opportunity to incorporate these into my classroom. This
program was a good choice for me as I return to teaching, as
it has opened my eyes and helped me get up to speed on just
how important media's influence is on learning.
Socially Responsible Research
The theory behind enhancing the worth of Instructional
Technology Research through Development Research
Strategies has sparked much debate and many differences
of opinions. You have Professor Dave Merrill from Utah
State University of states that " that instructional design is
a technology derived from the science of instruction based
upon principles that could be verified by empirical data". In
other words, Professor Merrill is stating that reliable data
can be applied as a research strategy for instructional
technology. Then on the other hand you have Professor
Lauren Resnick from the University of Pittsburgh who
states that " we don’t have a well-developed design field in
education, as a design field. So in our work, we do lots of
design". With that statement comes the question of who is
actually conducting
the research and how do we construct a design field in
education that could be taken seriously. Problems with
instructional design research has plagued many scholars for
decades and according to the readings, three significant
problems with instructional research exists:
*misunderstanding about the differences between basic and
applied research
*the quality of published research in the field of technology
is generally poor
*synthesis of the research provides insufficient or confusing
guidance.
One point that I do agree with the authors on and that is
that the IT community needs to move toward
developmental research and that won't be
an easy task. This will require fundamental
changes in the mental models of the process or
better said, changes in the way think and do things
in order to be achieved. But this change is going to
be imperative in constructing principles that can
inform future decisions. I agree with Thomas Kuhn
and German Physicist Max Planck that this process
won't be step by step, but will take a revolution. A
new scientific truth will triumph because a new
generation grows up that is familiar with it. And
just as Thomas Reeves states "we can not afford to
lose another generation of researchers to the
pursuit of research for its own sake.
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Edgar, Richard, Venson and Crystan.
You all are a constant source of inspiration for me.
This book was created and published on StoryJumper™
©2014 StoryJumper, Inc. All rights reserved.
Publish your own children's book:
www.storyjumper.com
Clark vs Kozma
The great media fire surrounding the question "Does
Media Influence Learning?" got its fuel from the big
debate between Richard Clark and Robert Kozma in the
early 1990's. The viewpoints surrounding this question
vary greatly about the impact of media and attributes of
media on learning, motivation, and efficiency gains from
instruction. On one hand you have the supporters of
Richard Clark's theory that "media will never influence
learning" and on the other side you have Robert
Kozma's theory that "learning with media is a
complimentary process". It does stand to note that both
sides bring a good argument to the table and the
comparison and contrast on both sides is the reason
that such a debate has come about. Let's look at both
sides in depth.
When asked the question "Do Media Influence
Learning?" you will get a response from
Robert Kozma that "capabilities of a particular
medium, in conjunction with methods that take
advantage of these, interact with and influence
the ways learners represent and process
information". In response to that theory,
Richard Clark challenged by stating "...media
do not influence learning under any conditions.
Rather,...media are mere vehicles that deliver
instruction but do not influence student
achievement any more than the truck that
delivers our groceries causes changes in our
nutrition." My first and immediate thought was
to side with Kozma and after thorough reading, I
must say that I do agree with Kozma's theory. As I
sit back and reflect, a large part of my agreement
comes from first hand experience.
Reflections
As I reflect on my perception of media's influence on
learning, I cant help but to reflect on my first years of
teaching in 1986. At that time, the only media for information
for teachers and students were textbooks, magazines,
newspapers, and television. Many of these provided outdated
information or information that had already changed by the
time it was presented. Although we were content with what
we had to work with, we were eager to embrace the new
media for instruction as we watched it change around us and
the impact it was having on student learning.
After reading this module, I must say that I know first
hand and I agree with Kozma that "learning with media is a
complementary process within which a learner and a medium
interact to expand or refine the learner’s mental model of a
particular phenomenon". I feel that it was important for me as
the teacher to know how to find, evaluate, and use media
effectively to facilitate the learning process for my students.
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