The landscape of post Civil War America was an ever changing scope of industrial development, mass migration, and changing dynamics throughout the country. This time period introduced many innovative ways of thinking and living. On the same spectrum, this time period also introduced many problems, previously existing as well as brand new predicaments. This time period also marked the death of the wild west.

                                Chapter 1: People

This era of American History introduced many important figures relevant even in today's climate. Monumental figures such as W.E.B. Du Bois, Joseph Pulitzer, John Dewey, Red Cloud and many more. Many of these men were innovators ahead of their time. The others were social reformers against prejudice placed on African Americans. Red Cloud was the chief of the Ogala Lakota tribe. 

                                Chapter 2: Conflicts

Conflicts occurred often in these times primarily between the Native Americans and the US government. Due to the reservation system implemented to keep Native Americans in specifically designated areas, conflict was found common. These conflicts some grand and some miniscule, impacted relations between Native Americans and the US government and the US people for decades to come.

Many conflicts between the Native Americans and the US government resulted in violent outings. A particularly violent conflict was the Battle of Little Bighorn also known as "Custer's Last Stand." This battle was a substantial victory in favor of the Native Americans. The combined forces of the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribe defeated Colonel George Custer of the US army. Another battle between Native Americans and the US government was the battle of Wounded Knee which featured the Dakota Sioux tribe against the US army. This conflict was caused by concerns of whether or not the Sioux reservation would be broken up and the controversy over the practice of the "Ghost Dance" of the Sioux people.

                Chapter 3: Groups and Organizations

Many groups and organizations were founded and revitalized during this era. Protestant movements were once again back on their rise in this era, with the liberal protestants flourishing, which encouraged its followers to use the bible as a moral compass rather than historical truth.  The Tuskegee Institute was also formed, which was a segregated industrial school for black students to integrate into society, led by social reformer Booker T. Washington in Tuskegee,

Many groups regarding women's rights were also formed during this era. With the two large associations being the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), advocating for women's right to vote and representation, and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), which sought to combat alcohol consumption and to abolish prostitution against women. Nationwide woman's suffrage was granted in the nineteenth amendment in 1920.

                            Chapter 4: Society

Society in this age of innovation was heavily influenced by the arts. Many new forms of arts and creative expressions were introduced led by many renowned creative minds such as Mark Twain, satirist and writer, John Dewey, philosopher and leader of the pragmatist movement, Joseph Pulitzer, revolutionary publisher, and Frederick Law Olmstead, landscape architect.

New styles of artistic expression were introduced in this age. The three big ideas being realism, naturalism, and regionalism. Realism depicted society in its actual form contradictory to previous ideas of romanticism. Naturalism being an offshoot of realism that depicted scientific objectivity to human characters shaped by extreme conditions. Regionalism was an artistic movement that captured local colors of various regions across the United States.

                            Chapter 5: Challenges

Although an innovative time period for American history, this era brought about various challenges for the country and individuals alike. One of these many issues were the mass immigration of Eastern and Southern Europeans, known as the new immigrants. The introduction of this new wave of immigrants reawakened nativist ideals in some Americans, causing issues for the new immigrants such as not being able to find employment. This new surge of immigrants also caused overcrowding in large urban cities and further pollution.