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Gregor Mendel was a monk. He loved to work in his garden. 

He learned that he could change how peas grew and looked. 

Mendel worked on the inherited traits of the plants. He is the 

father of modern genetics.

Mendel was born in Austria July 22, 1822. 

He died January 6, 1884. He was 61 years old.

In 1953, DNA (Deoxyribonuleic Acid) was discovered. 

DNA is the code in living things. This code controls 

inherited traits. 

Genetic Engineering was born.

Scientists learned how to break and move DNA segments. 

Two scientists are Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen.

 Herbert Boyer created synthetic insulin, in 1976.             Cohen worked on bacteria on frogs in 1972.                       

The U.S. government checks our food and medicine to 

make sure it’s safe. The FDA (Food and Drug 

Administration) is in charge of that task.

The first food the FDA approved was the Flavr Savr 

Tomato. It was designed to stay fresh and firm. The FDA 

took two years to decide the tomato was safe to eat.

Stores sold them in 1994. The tomatoes were too 

expensive to grow. Stores stopped selling them in 1996.

Have you ever noticed your apple slices turn 

brown? Scientists created apples that don’t 

brown. The genes are modified so that enzymes 

don’t affect the cut edges. 

Arctic Apples, created by 

Okanagan Specialty Fruits.

Some children in the world do not get enough healthy 

food. Golden Rice was created to help them. Scientists 

added Vitamin A to the genetic code of regular rice. 

Vitamin A prevents blindness and sickness. Golden Rice 

is waiting for approval from the FDA.

Ingo Protykus is the scientist 

who modified the rice.

Scientists work in universities. 

Oregon State University created a 

purple tomato. This tomato can 

fight heart disease.

Indigo Rose contains 

a compound 

called anthocyanin.

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