Hello everyone! Welcome to today's lesson! I am your English teacher, Mrs. Bilgi. Throughout the lesson, I am going to guide you and explain different topics about English. I am sure that you will learn new things and have so much fun during the session. If you're ready, let's begin! 

First of all, I would like to touch on the term of Global English. What does it mean? 

                   GLOBAL ENGLISH

Global English is a writing style that makes written English more understandable to non-native speakers. Global English accomplishes this by being exact, logical, and literal. It's the language of manual and technical writers who want their writing to be as clear as possible to anyone who reads it. 

Teacher, may I ask you a question?

A very good question.  Let's try to find an answer to your question together...

Yes, of course.

We have learned the term of Global English, but who speaks English today?

I can guess you guys think that English is a language spoken by the whole world. Yes, you are right. 

There are so many countries that can speak English and let's have a look at who speaks English around the world.

As you can understand from the tables, English is a language spoken in a wide territory around the world.

Before we handle other topics, I want to explain some terms such as ENL, ESL, EFL and ELF.

What do they stand for?

ENL: English as a New Language

ESL: English as a Second Language 

EFL: English as a Foreign Language 

ELF: English as a Lingua Franca

To understand the differences between these terms better, we should have a look at Kachru's Three Concentric Circles of English.

Kachru divides World Englishes into three concentric circles, the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle, and the Expanding Circle.

Teacher, could you please explain these circles?

Of course. First of all, let's start with the Inner Circle.

1. The Inner Circle

In the Inner Circle, there are ENL countries where English is traditionally the native language (eg. The UK, USA, Australia, etc.). 

2. The Outer Circle

The Outer Circle consists of ESL countries that have their own native language, but English becomes important in certain contexts. These often have historical colonial relations with the British Empire (eg. India, Singapore, Pakistan).

3. The Expanding Circle

The Expanding Circle consists of EFL countries where English does not hold much importance and is often learned as a foreign language (eg. China, Russia, Brazil).

Teacher, is there any other model than Kachru's Model?

Yes, there are some other models, as well. Let's learn them!

We handle Models and Descriptions of the spread of English together. There are some models that we learn. These are: 

1. McArthur's Model

2. Görlach's Model

3. Modiano's Model 

4. Pennycook's Model

Before we learn these models, let's see the World map of English by Streven.

Now, let's go on with our first model. 

1. McArthur's Circle of World English

You will see the chart on the next page. :)

McArthur's "wheel model" includes an idealized central variety known as "World Standard English," best represented by "written international English." The following circle is made up of regional standards or emerging standards. Finally, the outer layer is made up of localized varieties that may share similarities with regional or emerging standards.

I am sure that you are wondering the second model. It is a circle model, too. 

2. Görlach's Circle Model of English

You will see the chart on the next page. :)

McArthur's and Manfred Görlach's models are very similar. In Europe, both exclude English varieties. Because Görlach excludes EFLs entirely, his model is more consistent, but less comprehensive.

Now it's time to learn about the third model. 

3. Modiano's Centripetal Circles of International English Model

You will see the chart on the next page. :)

The center of Modiano's English model consists of users of English as an International Language, with a core set of features that are understandable to the majority of native and competent non-native English speakers.

Ok, now let's have a look at our last model. 

4. Pennycook's 3D Transtextual Model of English Use

You will see the chart on the next page. :)

Pennycook's model is distinguished by two characteristics: 

lts emphasis on the use of English and the contexts to which people bring their communicative resources. This feature makes it appear to be a general sociolinguistic model for language in use, not just ELF.

Teacher, I don't understand why English is a global language. Could you please explain it?

It's a great question. Let's learn about it, then. :)

We can examine the answer to this question under 4 headings:

1. Technology and Science

2. British Empire

3. United States of America

4. The Snowball Effect

1. Technology and Science

The origins of the Internet in the United States paved the way for it to become a global superpower. English is widely used in computers and other technological equipment all over the world. The significance of science and technology in our lives today makes it impossible for English to lose its importance in the future.