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Africa is the most interesting and diverse continent on the earth. It is 

the home of an incredible variety of people, animals, climates, and 

spectacular places. It is a country known for its beautiful colorful 

clothing and its history of incredible works of art. Africa is where 

human beings first appeared on earth and the home of the world's first 

great civilization, Egypt which dates back to 3300 BC.

There are several rivers in Africa.The Bani River is the river that 

streams from the Nile River in Mali. It is about 680 miles long.

The Congo River is located in west- central Africa. It is 

the second longest river, with a length of 2,900 miles. 

Most of the land surrounded by this rain is forest and it 

is home to many kinds animals. Including many species 

of fish, manatees, snakes hippos, and many more.

Africa is home to the largest desert in the world - the Sahara. In 

fact there are three deserts on the continent - The Sahara, the 

Namib and the Kalahari. Together these three amazingly land 

masses cover a large portion of Africa. Beautiful, yet 

treacherous, these areas of the continent provide a rich 

geological and cultural history that dates back millions of years.

The Ethiopian Highlands are often called The Roof of 

Africa. They are also, without exaggeration, simply 

spectacular. The Highlands are enormous and are divided 

by the Ethiopian Rift. It was designated a National Park in 

1969 (the first of ten in the country). 

Fachi is an oasis surrounded by a desert and the dunes 

of the Erg of Bilma in eastern Niger, placed on the 

western edge of a small mountain. It has an estimated 

population of some 2000 people.

A rift valley forms where the Earth’s crust, or outermost layer, is 

spreading or splitting apart. This kind of valley is often narrow, with 

steep sides and a flat floor. Historically, geologists and geographers 

referred to the "Great Rift Valley System" which stretched from the 

Middle East in the north to Madagascar in the south. The area is 

geologically active, and features hot springs, geysers, and frequent 

earthquakes. Today, however, the Great Rift Valley only remains as 

a cultural concept. Each of the rift valleys in the area are connected, 

but not part of a single system.

Portions of the large continent of Africa sit in each of the four 

hemispheres: Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western. While 

most of the continents are spread across more than one 

hemisphere, Africa is the only one to encompass all four.

An inlet is an extension that leads to a body of water. The 

Red Sea is an extension (or inlet) of the Indian Ocean, 

located between Africa and Asia.

Jungles are overgrown with wild tangles of vegetation and dense 

forest.Jungles and rain-forests are similar, but while rain-forests 

have thick canopies of tall trees that block out light, jungles allow 

more light in, making it easier for plants to grow.The extra light 

creates dense areas of plants and vegetation that can be difficult to 

navigate.Jungles are often found surrounding rain-forests. 

Jungles are home to a wide range of plants and animals. Over half 

of the world's species live in a jungle environment. Jungles are 

usually in warm places with high rainfall. The word ‘jungle’ 

comes from a Sanskrit word meaning ‘uncultivated land’.

The Kalahari Desert came into existence approximately 

sixty million years ago along with the formation of the 

African continent. The Kalahari is not really a desert it is a 

large semi-arid sandy Savannah. Many parts of the Kalahari 

receive significant rainfall (over 9.8 inches / 250 

millimeters annually) and have quite a bit of vegetation. 

The Kalahari gets very hot; it can reach temperatures of 40 

degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) in the summer. In 

winter the desert has a dry, cold climate where the 

temperature can reach 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees 

Fahrenheit).

Lake Victoria is a huge lake located in east central Africa along the 

equator and borders the countries of Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. 

Lake Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake and has a surface area of 

26,600 square miles (68,800 square kilometers).It is the largest 

tropical lake in the world.

This body of water is named after Queen Victoria of the United 

Kingdom. Lake Victoria is about 400,000 years old. Approximately 

80 percent of the lakes water comes from rain. The other 20 percent 

comes from small streams flowing into the lake.

Madagascar is a huge island located in the Indian 

Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. Madagascar 

lies in the Indian Ocean off the southeast coast of 

Africa. 

The Nile River is the longest river in the world. It is 

approximately 4,160 miles (6,670 km) long. It flows from 

the high mountains in the middle regions of Africa north 

to the Nile delta.There are two major branches of the Nile; 

they are the White Nile and the Blue Nile. The White Nile 

originates in East Africa, and the Blue Nile originates in 

Ethiopia.There are nine countries the Nile and its 

tributaries flow through. These countries are Egypt, Zaire, 

Tanzanian, Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi, Ethiopia, Sudan, 

and Kenya.

An oasis is an area made fertile by a source of freshwater in 

an otherwise dry and arid region. Oases (more than one 

oasis) are irrigated by natural springs or other underground 

water sources. They vary in size from a cluster of date 

palms around a well or a spring to a city and its irrigated 

cropland. Dates, cotton, olives, figs, citrus fruits, wheat and 

corn are common oasis crops.

The high southern and eastern plateaus, rarely falling below 

600 m (2,000 ft), have a mean elevation of about 1,000 m 

(3,300 ft). The South African Plateau, as far as about 12° S, 

is bounded east, west and south by bands of high ground 

which fall steeply to the coasts. The South African Plateau 

is connected towards East African plateau, with probably a 

slightly greater average elevation, and marked by some 

distinct features. 

Quicksand is a type of sand that traps living 

and non living things in it. It is so sticky that 

you can not escape and because of the weight 

things begin to sink. Africa is rich with quick 

sand.

The Red Sea, also known as   the Erythraean Sea, is a seawater inlet of 

the Indian Ocean. It lies between Africa and Asia.   The sea is underlain 

by the Red Sea Rift which is part of the Great Rift Valley. The sea is 

the habitat of over 1,000 invertebrate species, and 200 soft and hard 

corals. It is the world's northernmost tropical sea.

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