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The Aksumite Empire existed in 100–940 AD 

and was   trading nation in modern-day 

northern Ethiopia and Eritrea pre-Islamic 

Arabs. It had an important role in commercial 

trade routes between the Roman Empire and 

Ancient India

The Bantu needed more land for farming and 

their growing population. Also, the land they 

previously inhabited was slowly becoming a 

desert. Therefore,   Bantu-speaking people 

migrated from western Africa and dispersed 

amongst southern and eastern Africa in 1000 

B.C.-1700B.C. This caused many people in 

this region to speak Bantu. 

 Africa is a large area that includes 54 sovereign states 

and 11 non-sovereign territories . These states were 

formed when the previously colonized African states 

gained independence from Europe. After WWII, some of 

the original colonies kept borders similar to the ones 

given to them by the European countries. Other colonies 

either changed their borders, or combined territories to 

make a single state. These rural and urban countries 

contain a variety of environments, governments, and 

cultures.   

Because the majority of Africa is rural, 

disease is common and easily spread in some 

areas. Some potentially deadly diseases in 

which originate around Africa are Meningitis, 

Tetanus, whooping cough, Measles, Malaria 

(commonly spread by African mosquitoes), 

AIDS, and Ebola. 

Savannah Elephants are found in Eastern and 

Southern Africa. It is commonly know they’re 

the largest animal on Earth and are not easily 

domesticated.

There are many different family virtues and 

traditions throughout Africa. In the poor, southern 

parts of Africa, many children are raised by older 

siblings, while in wealthier regions there are strong 

relationships between family members. Depending 

on culture, families may practice religion or maintain 

their traditions by teaching their children.

Ghana is a Constitutional Democracy along the 

coast of the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Guinea. 

In the 19th century it was colonized by Great 

Britain and later became the first sub-Saharan 

African Nation to become independent from 

Europe.

This 95m tall waterfall is located in Howick, 

South Africa and lies on the Umgeni River. 

These falls have created many local legends 

due to an incident occurring before the 

waterfall was discovered==> Many 19th 

century settlers were swept over the falls 

because they thought the best place to 

cross the river would be over the falls.

Today the majority of African peoples are 

considered indigenous. Some of these 

groups cultural/religious practices and land 

claims come in conflict with Africa’s more 

developed governments. Africa, however, 

still tries to preserve their rights and 

unique cultures.

 In the lower populated, river filled parts of central Africa 

there is an expansion of Jungles. African countries such 

as Madagascar, Uganda, Liberia, the Congo, Kenya, 

Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe contain jungles. These 

places have a large biodiversity of wildlife and plants 

including chimpanzees, leopards, forest elephants, 

monkeys, crocodiles, tortoises, boa constrictors,   parrots, 

flamingos, hippos, and   gorillas.

Kush was one of Africa’s earliest civilizations 

developing in the Nile River Valley. They developed 

an Egyptian Dynasty and were referenced in the 

Bible. Their empire uniquely gave a women an 

important role in the government and had a good 

trading culture, allowing it to maintain peaceful 

relationships with its neighbors.

Africa has land covering more than 30 million sq 

km. Within this large amount of land there are 

miles of deserts, jungles, grasslands, and 

mountain ranges. Africa is very diverse not only 

when it comes to their environment, but between 

cultures as well. Different geographical features 

aids in the differences between cultures.

Matrilineal is a phrase describing many African cultures. 

It means your inheritance is passed down from your 

female ancestors, instead of male. 

Mali was an empire that was once matrilineal.

Mansa Musa ruled the Mali empire in the 14th century.

The Nyala is a   horned antelope that originated in 

Africa. Only males have horns but both males and 

females have stripes across their back, which males 

are often hunted for. You may find these animals in  

Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, or 

Zimbabwe.

Africa has a large variety of traditional and 

historical clothing because of its variation in culture 

and large land area. One example of traditional 

African clothing are unique head-wraps or turbines 

which were originally worn by African slaves, but 

now are worn today as a female accessory. 

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