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Table of Contents

I.    Judaism      

     Leader & Beginnings (Timeline)

     Holy Writings and Guidelines

     Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

II. Christianity

     Leader & Beginnings (Timeline)

     Holy Writings and Guidelines

     Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

III. Hinduism

     Leader & Beginnings (Timeline)

     Holy Writings and Guidelines

     Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

IV. Buddhism

     Leader & Beginnings (Timeline)

     Holy Writings and Guidelines

     Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

V.   Islamic/Muslim

     Leader & Beginnings (Timeline)

     Holy Writings and Guidelines

     Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

VI. Confucianism

     Leader & Beginnings (Timeline)

     Holy Writings and Guidelines                     

     Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs                          

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Leader & Beginnings

-   1800 B.C. - Abraham was chosen to be the "father" of the Hebrew 

people.

-   1800 B.C. - Abraham, his family, and their herds moved to Canaan.

-   1650 B.C. - The descendants of Abraham moved to Egypt.

-   1300-1200 B.C. - Moses lead the Hebrews out of slavery and 

helped them flee Egypt.

-   1020-922 B.C. - The Hebrews united under three able kings: Saul, 

David, and Solomon.

-   922 B.C. - The kingdom of Israel divided in two: Israel in the north 

and Judah in the south.

-   725 B.C. - The Assyrians began a siege of Samaria, the capital of 

Israel.

-   722 B.C. - The whole northern kingdom fell.

-   586 B.C. - The city of Jerusalem fell because of an attack by the 

Babylonians.

-   445 B.C. - The walls of Jerusalem were rebuilt.

Holy Writings & Guidelines

- The Hebrew Bible contains the Torah, Prophets, and other writings.

- The first five books in the Hebrew Bible are

  known as the Torah.

- Jews consider the Torah to be the most sacred writings in their

  religion.

- Prophets are stories and writings by Jewish teachers.

- Prophets are divided into Former Prophets and Latter Prophets.

- Yahweh wrote the Ten Commandments on two stone tablets.

- The Talmud is another sacred writing and contains the Mishnah

  and the Gemara.

- The Mishnah consists of written versions of Jewish oral law.

- The Gemara contains explanations and interpretations of the

  Mishnah.

Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

- Hebrews believe in one God, Yahweh.

- They believe God watches over and protects 

  the Hebrews.

- God holds people accountable for their sins

  and shortcomings.

- Hebrews must serve God by studying the

  Torah and living by its teachings.

Leader & Beginnings

-   Around 6-4 B.C. - Jesus was born in the town of 

Bethlehem.

-   A.D. 29 - Jesus visited Jerusalem to spread the word of God 

and was crucified for defying the authority of Rome.

-   A.D. 66 - A group of Jews rebelled against Rome.

-   A.D. 70 - The Romans stormed Jerusalem and destroyed 

the Temple complex.

-   A.D. 132 - The Jews made another attempt to break free of 

the Romans.

-   A.D. 313 - The Roman emperor Constantine announced an 

end to the persecution of Christians.

-   A.D. 380 - The emperor Theodosius made Christianity the 

empire's official religion.

Holy Writings and Guidelines

- The Bible is the most sacred book in the  

  Christian religion.

- The Bible is divided into two major parts: the

  Old Testament and the New Testament.

- The Old Testament focuses on Jewish history.

- The New Testament describes the teachings of

  Jesus Christ.

- The first four books in the New Testament are

  called the Gospels.

Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

- Christians believe in only one God.

- God watches over and cares for His people.

- Jesus entered the world and died to save

  humanity from sin.

- Jesus Christ is the Son of God.

- Jesus taught the principles of the Ten

  Commandments.

- The death of Jesus Christ made eternal life

  possible for others.

- Christians reach salvation by following the

  teachings of Jesus Christ.

Leader & Beginnings

-   Between 750 and 550 B.C. - Hindu 

teachers tried to interpret and explain the hidden 

meaning of the Vedic hymns.

Holy Writings and Guidelines

- Sacred texts include the Vedas, the Upanishads,  

  and the Puranas.

- The Upanishads are written as discussions

  between a student and a Hindu teacher.

- The Vedas are the oldest Hindu scriptures.

- The Rig Veda is the oldest of the four Vedas.

Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

- The soul never dies, but is continually reborn.

- Persons achieve happiness and enlightenment after they free themselves

  from their earthly desires.

- Freedom from earthly desires comes form a lifetime of worship,

  knowledge, and virtuous acts.

- Hindus strive for moksha, a state of perfect understanding of all things.

- Teachers distinguish between atman, the individual soul of a living being,

  and Brahman, the would soul that contains and unites all atmans.

- When a person understands the relationship between atman and

  Brahman, that person achieves moksha and a release from life in this

  world.

- Since moksha does not usually come in one lifetime, and individual soul

  or spirit is born again and again until moksha is achieved.

- A soul's karma follows from one reincarnation to another.

- Only men of the top three varnas could hope to achieve moksha in their

  present life.

- There are three ways to achieve moksha: the path of right thinking, the

  path of right action, or the path of religious devotion.

-   Brahman had the personalities of three gods: Brahma, the creator;

  Vishnu, the protector; and Shiva, the destroyer.

Leader & Beginnings

-   563 B.C. - Siddhartha Gautama was born 

and spent his entire life searching for religious 

truth and an end to life's suffering.

-   483 B.C. - Siddhartha Gautama, known as 

Buddha, died.

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