Table of contents

Circulatory system 3-10

Skeletal system 11-16

Digestive 17-23

Respiratory 24- 32

Nervous 33-38

Muscular 39-

Chapter 1 Circulatory system

What is the circulatory system?

The circulatory system is a vast network of organs and vessels that is responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients, hormones, oxygen and other gases to and from cells. Without the circulatory system, the body would not be able to fight disease or maintain a stable internal environment known as homeostasis. such as proper temperature and pH

It works with many other systems in the body and even has smaller systems that make it up.

Function

How it works with other systems

Respiratory system brings in air for oxygen and sends out carbon dioxide to enter and leave the body it has to go through the circulatory system 

Digestive system brings in food and turns it into nutrients, this makes wastes. The Circulatory system helps get the nutrients into cells and remove the wastes

Excretory system removes wastes and balances the water in our blood . The circulatory system helps it gets the wastes out (urine) or recycles them (water)

Diseases/Complications

Heart disease -Regular exercise and a healthy diet help keep your risk of heart disease low. Don't smoke.

Atheroma -Exercise regularly don't smoke and have a healthy diet. Be in a healthy weight.

High blood pressure -Get

regular checkups with

your doctor and maintain a

healthy diet. Exercise.

Major organs

The Heart- is a muscle that pumps blood to the different parts of the body; it is the pump of the circulatory system . The heart is made up of muscle tissue and it is a strong, hollow muscle about the size of a clenched fist

Lungs- Your lungs aren't technically a part of circulatory system organs, but they really help make it possible for your heart to function correctly. Your lungs provide oxygen for your body. The lungs send oxygen-rich blood to the left side of your heart and your heart then uses blood vessels and arteries to send it to the rest of your body.

Blood- Your heart pumps blood throughout your body and travels through thousands of miles, mainly because it has to move through the network of blood vessels within your body. Your blood carries water, nutrients, waste products and oxygen to and from your body cells.

Blood Vessels- Blood vessels allow blood to flow quickly from one region to another and then allow it to come back to your heart. The size of your vessels increases with an increase in the amount of blood that passes through the vessel. Blood vessels have a hollow area that allows for easy flow of blood.

Systems the circulatory system works with

The blood circulatory system (cardiovascular system) delivers nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body. It consists of the heart and the blood vessels running through the entire body. The arteries carry blood away from the heart; the veins carry it back to the heart. The circulatory system works closely with the respiratory system receiving Oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide. The circulatory system supplies blood and oxygen to all other systems.

Maintaining a healthy system

1. 1. Don't smoke
2. 2. Take/consume vitamin E
3. 3. Eat fruits and vegetables
4. 4. Eat fish instead of red meat
5. 5. Exercise

Chapter 2 The skeletal system

The function of the skeletal system

Protection of delicate organs, leverage for movements. The skeletal system is what all your muscles are attached to allowing you to be able to move. it also supports the weight of your body. Your skeletal system is also responsible for the production of Red blood cells.

Major organs

Bones -Support your body and allow your muscles to be able to stay in place.

Cartilage- Cartilage connective tissue is important because it provides support, but is less rigid than bone. It also allows for some flexibility of movement, but has more stability than muscle.

Joints -Joints allow your body to flex. Joints connect bones within your body, bear weight and enable you to move.

Other systems

 Your bones help the process of movement happen in a smoother manner. The calcified bones of your skeleton also work with the circulatory system. Marrow inside of your bones helps produce the cells inside of you blood which is given to the circulatory system.

Diseases/Complications

 Osteoarthritis -. Joint steroid injections, joint replacement help and fix this

Osteoporosis - Medicine prescribed by your doctor

Rickets -Medicine prescribed by your doctor and consuming calcium

Maintaining a healthy skeletal system

Eat calcium rich foods

Eat foods with vitamin D to help calcium absorption

Exercise daily/weekly

Avoid smoking and drinking

Wear a seat belt in a car and were a helmet when necessary

Chapter 3 Digestive system

Function

The function of the digestive system is digestion and absorption. Digestion is the breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the body. The digestive system is divided into two major parts: The digestive tract (alimentary canal) is a continuous tube with two openings: the mouth and the anus.

Major organs

Oral cavity - Teeth chop food into small pieces, which are moistened by saliva before the tongue and other muscles push the food into the pharynx.

Esophagos -usually carries food and water from the mouth to the stomach. However, during vomiting, the esophagus carries stomach acids and undigested food from the stomach back out through the mouth.

Stomach -Partial digestion of the food takes place here. The churning action of the stomach muscles physically breaks down the food. The stomach releases acids and enzymes for the chemical breakdown of food

Small intestine -absorption of nutrients and minerals from food, 90% of the digestion of the food takes place here.

Large intestine -absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmit the useless waste material from the body

Anus - the opening at the lower end of the digestive tract that controls the expulsion of feces.

Liver-  process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. Create bile

Interaction with other systems

The digestive system works very closely with the circulatory system to get the absorbed nutrients distributed through your body. The circulatory system also carries chemical signals from your endocrine system that control the speed of digestion.

Common disorders/complications

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -Medicine prescribed by your doctor

Gallstones -Medicine to dissolve it or surgery to remove it

Celiac Disease -Avoid eating gluten

Maintaining a healthy system

Eat smaller, more frequent meals

Eat more fiber

Drink plenty of water

Choose lean meats

Don't eat fatty foods

Chapter 4 The Respiratory System

Function of the respiratory system

a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The primary organs of the respiratory system are lungs, which carry out this exchange of gases as we breathe. Red blood cells collect the oxygen from the lungs and carry it to the parts of the body where it is needed

Major organs

Nose -main external opening for the respiratory system and are the first section of the body’s airway—the respiratory tract through which air moves

Mouth - the oral cavity can be used to supplement or replace the nasal cavity’s functions when needed. Because the pathway of air entering the body from the mouth is shorter than the pathway for air entering from the nose

Pharynx -a muscular funnel that extends from the posterior end of the nasal cavity to the superior end of the esophagus and larynx

Larynx -a short section of the airway that connects the laryngopharynx and the trachea

Trachea -made of C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. The trachea connects the larynx to the bronchi and allows air to pass through the neck and into the thorax.

Bronchi - The left and right bronchi run into each lung before branching off into smaller secondary bronchi. The secondary bronchi carry air into the lobes of the lungs—2 in the left lung and 3 in the right lung

Lungs -Each lung is surrounded by a pleura membrane that provides the lung with space to expand as well as a negative pressure space relative to the body’s exterior. The negative pressure allows the lungs to passively fill with air as they relax.

How it works with other systems

The circulatory and respiratory systems work together to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body. Air moves in and out of the lungs through the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Blood moves in and out of the lungs through the pulmonary arteries and veins that connect to the heart.

Emphysema - The delicate walls of the alveoli break down, reducing the gas exchange area of the lungs. The condition develops slowly and is seldom a direct cause of death.

Asthma - Periodic constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles makes it more difficult to breathe.

Pneumonia - An infection of the alveoli. It can be caused by many kinds of both bacteria and viruses. Tissue fluids accumulate in the alveoli reducing the surface area exposed to air. If enough alveoli are affected, the patient may need supplemental oxygen.

Disorders/complications