There was once two Pandas named Sean and Naomi. They were once happy co-founders of The Articles of Confederation. Then one day..Things went wrong.

Why do you get to be more powerful?

It is how we set this country up!

The pandas could not stop arguing about the amount of power they have.

Then one afternoon , they decided to make a new arrangement for their government. The arrangement is called Dual Federalism.

In this arrangement , the power of the government is divided between the state and national government. Sean would control the state government and Naomi would run the national government.

They had a meeting about what only National Government would have called Exclusive Powers and the ones the State would control called Reserved Powers

My powers will deal with the Military, money and other countries. I will also enforce laws and build federal buildings. Is that ok?

Yes that is perfect.

Ok so my powers would include creating any marriage and traffic laws. Dealing with education and elections. I will also allow the states to make a constitution. Sound Fair?

That is very fair. Ok so what powers will be both have ?

To make sure that the two governments would work together, Naomi and Sean made Powers both would have called Concurrent Powers.

So we both agree that we can create courts, deal with taxes and borrow money. Anything else we should include

Yes, we can set and define punishments for crimes and make property available for the public.

The next issue was to see what powers, the national and state governments can not do. Naomi and Sean were in a pickle.