The tundra is a very desolate and cold biome. The life that lives in this place has adapted to the harsh climate.

Abiotic factors:

Temperature: The extremely cold temperatures of this biome prevents many animals from making a home there.

Permafrost: A layer of permanent ice underneath the topsoil prevents proper water drainage and makes the land dry and desert like.

Biotic Factors:

Vegetation: The sparse and slow growing vegetation prevents a lot of animals from living there because they lack the biological tools to eat it.

Animals: There is not much too much biodiversity within the biome, but there is a lot of competition between the species that live there for the small amount of food.

Location:

The Arctic tundra is located at a high latitude which means that they get very little direct sunlight all year around, making it very cold.

Ecological Succession:

There are two natural disturbances that could happen to reset the ecosystem in the tundra, a glacier or a volcano erupting.

Population Growth:

Carrying Capacity: Due to the lack of a sustainable source of food, the carrying capacity is very low.

Limiting Factors: The cold climate makes it so only creatures who are adapted to the climate can live there. Also due to the lack of food there is very little species living there.

Symbiotic Relationships:

Mutualism: Lichen are a combination of fungus and algae which feed each other.

Commensalism: Arctic rabbits eating the plants to keep the number from getting too high.

Parasitism: Caribou get liver worms from certain plants in the tundra which eat their livers.

Competition: Bears and wolves fighting over a caribou carcass.

Predator-prey: Wolves eating caribou.

Invasive Species: Due to the temperature being so extreme, invasive species are very unlikely to survive and spread for very long.

Keystone Species: The caribou that migrate to the tundra every summer are a keystone species because they give a reliable and large source of food to the local predators such as wolves and bears.