What do you see when you look at the world around you?

Do you see buildings? Parks? Roads? Sidewalks?

All of these things were made by humans.

What about mountains, river valleys, or beaches? Have you ever wondered how these were built?

The Earth builds them itself using Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition.

Weathering is the process that takes place as rocks and other parts of the earth are broken down into smaller pieces. These small pieces are called Sediments.

This can be caused by water, wind, plants or animals.

Erosion is when these sediments are moved by a natural force such as wind, water or ice.

Deposition is when these sediments are dropped off in a different location.

While mountains are built up by Tectonic forces, they are shaped and changed by weathering and erosion.

When the temperature is cold, water freezes and expands into the mountain which breaks it apart. When the temperature is warm, this ice melts and the water washes away the sediments.

River Valleys are formed when rushing water moves against the rocks and dirt. This water washes away small pieces of rock, making the valley bigger and wider over time.

Beaches, also known as coastlines, change over time as sea levels rise and fall. Ocean currents deposit sediments, while crashing waves can break down and wash away rocks and sand.

Sometimes, islands are formed near coastlines and they are called Continental Islands. These are formed when parts of the mainland are broken off and washed away by waves, leaving a piece of land on its own.