This book is inspired by my grandfather who had to spend 12 nights and 13 days in the hospital as his small intestine was blocked by a fat band. His stress, agony and pain made me feel miserable, thus I am writing this book to help everyone know of the various human body parts and their functions. A vote of thanks to my teacher and my parents who supported with my journey of writing my first book of human body parts.
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Every system in the body has organs that produce the necessary functions for life. Each human organ is comprised of tissue that enables its function. Human systems include the digestive, nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, lymphatic and respiratory functions. These systems contain major organs that provide daily functions to sustain life.
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The brain is the control center of the nervous system for the human body. It is located within the skull The brain is a part of the nervous system, which sends electrical impulses to the body for functions. The brain keeps the heart pumping blood, gives muscles voluntary control, and provides memory and thought. The brain also receives sensory information like sight, touch, hearing, and smell.
THE BRAIN
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The lungs are the major organs that provide oxygen exchange .The lungs are two sponge-like, cone-shaped structures that fill most of the chest cavity. It contains tiny bronchiol alveoli, which is the site for absorption of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood is then sent back to the heart to provide tissue with the necessary oxygen .The lungs also contain tiny cilia that push foreign objects out of the lungs. This leads to coughing to keep the lungs clear from bacteria, dirt, and` smoke. Smoking causes these cells to die, making it difficult for lungs to clear.
THE LUNGS
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The heart is a part of the cardiovascular system responsible for bringing blood to the various tissue in the body. The blood carries oxygen and white blood cells, which is a part of the immune system. The heart receives deoxygenated blood from veins and pumps it to the lungs where red blood cells pick up more oxygen for delivery. The blood is returned to the heart where it pumps oxygenated blood to all organs in the body.
THE HEART
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The liver lies on the right side of the abdominal cavity beneath the diaphragm. Its main function is to process the contents of the blood to ensure composition remains the same. This process involves breaking down fats, producing urea, filtering harmful substances and maintaining a proper level of glucose in the blood.
THE LIVER
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The stomach is a muscular, elastic, pear-shaped bag, lying crosswise in the abdominal cavity beneath the diaphragm. Its main purpose is digestion of food through production of gastric juices which break down, mix and churn the food into a thin liquid.
The intestines - The intestines are located between the stomach and the anus and are divided into two major sections: the small intestine and the large intestine. The function of the small intestine is to absorb most ingested food. The large intestine is responsible for absorption of water and excretion of solid waste material
THE STOMACH AND THE INTESTINES
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The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located at the back of the abdominal cavity, one on each side of the spinal column. Their function is to maintain the body’s chemical balance by excreting waste products and excess fluid in the form of urine.
The bladder is a muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity. It stretches to store urine and contracts to release urine.
THE KIDNEY AND BLADDER
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There are total 11 systems in human body containing their specific organs hence are called as organ systems.
These are muscular system, digestive system, integumentary system, skeletal system, circulatory system, respiratory system, lymphatic system, endocrine system, excretory system and reproductive system. All these systems contain their specific organs. However, these systems are somehow related to each other.
THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEM & THEIR FUNCTION
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Muscular system - provide movements.
The muscular system, in vertebrates, is controlled through the nervous system. The body's muscular system consists of about 650 muscles that aid in movement, blood flow and other bodily functions. There are three types of muscle: skeletal muscle which is connected to bone and helps with voluntary movement, smooth muscle which is found inside organs and helps to move substances through organs, and cardiac muscle which is found in the heart and helps pump blood. Muscles run throughout the human body. Each muscle has a specific name according to it's location or function. All these muscles work in the human body to function normally.
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Digestive system - breakdown the food and absorb nutrients from it.
Food we eat is the body's source of fuel and energy . Nutrients in food give the body's cells the energy they need to operate. Before food can be used it has to be broken down into tiny little pieces so it can be absorbed and used by the body. In humans, proteins need to be broken down into amino acids, starches into sugars, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol. The whole process of digestion is aided by chemical and nervous coordination.It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. The liver and pancreas also play a role in the digestive system because they produce digestive juices.
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Integumentary system act as a barrier, protect the inner stuff of body, regulate body temperature and also eliminate waste (e.g sweat).
The outermost layer of skin i.e. epidermis is responsible for keeping water in the body and keeping other harmful chemicals and pathogens out.
And the layer that lies below epidermis i.e dermis performs major functions and also nourishes epidermis. It contains a number of structures including blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscle, glands and lymphatic tissue. It paly major role in thermoregulation. The hypodermis is not part of the skin, and lies below the dermis. Its purpose is to attach the skin to underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying it with blood vessels and nerves.
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Skeletal system supports the body and protect the internal organse (e.g rib cage protect heart and lungs).
Skeleton The body depends on the skeleton's rigid framework for support and the internal organs count on it for protection while the muscles use the skeleton for anchorage.
Muscles There are three types of muscular movements: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
Skeletal movement, initiated by the nervous system, is assured by the muscles attached to the skeleton. The digestive system, the bladder and blood vessels rely on the smooth muscle and the heart functions with the cardiac muscle.
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Nervous system help all the body parts to communicate with each other via electrical and chemical impulses.
Nervous system is involved in Nervous coordination . Nervous system is divided into central nervous system(CNS) & peripheral nervous system(PNS). CNS represents the largest part of the nervous system, including the brain and the spinal cord, Together, with the peripheral nervous system (PNS), it has a fundamental role in the control of behaviour.
Nervous system communicate with several other body systems. For example: Even when we haven't started eating, our brain starts telling our digestive organs i.e pancreas and stomach via nerves about the expected entry of food. And pancreas stimulated by neural signals produce about 20% of it's total secretion because of this stimulus. Skeletal muscles also need neural inputs to start contraction.
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Lymphatic system It plays a vital role in natural defense of body against infections.
The lymphatic system helps defend the body against foreign invaders. It destroys the bacteria and viruses through lymphocyte and macrophages with present within lymph nodes. Lymphatic system is involved in absorption of fat and the products of digestion of fats are absorbed. Spleen filters the blood. It destroys aged red blood cells and foreign particles from blood
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Endocrine system It also help different body parts to communicate by secreting chemical substances called hormones.
Endocrine system is involved in Chemical coordination. It constitutes 20 endocrine glands/tissues. These glands secrete hormone which are poured in bloodstream. From blood these are transported to the target tissues where they perform their particular work. For example: When the sugar level in blood drops then pancreas(an endocrine gland) secrete glucagon which works to increases glucose in blood. Endocrine and nervous system work together and aid other organ systems to perform their functions.
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Excretory system help body to get rid of wastes.
Excretion is the process of eliminating, from an organism, waste products of food in take and other materials that are of no use. The most salient organs of this system are kidneys. Kidneys with the help of their functional units i.e nephrons, maintains an appropriate fluid volume by regulating the amount of water that is excreted in the urine, regulate concentrations of various electrolytes in the body fluids, maintain normal pH of the blood and maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis) for optimal cell and tissue metabolism. They do this by separating urea, mineral salts, toxins, and other waste products from the blood. They also do the job of conserving water, salts, and electrolytes. At least one kidney must function properly for life to be maintained.
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This book is inspired by my grandfather who had to spend 12 nights and 13 days in the hospital as his small intestine was blocked by a fat band. His stress, agony and pain made me feel miserable, thus I am writing this book to help everyone know of the various human body parts and their functions. A vote of thanks to my teacher and my parents who supported with my journey of writing my first book of human body parts.
![StoryJumper Logo](https://www.storyjumper.com/images/cloud-logo-250.png)
![](https://images2-cdn.storyjumper.net/transcoder.png?trim&id=3r-59fye92epo-5lzz92joj&maxw=512&maxh=512)
Every system in the body has organs that produce the necessary functions for life. Each human organ is comprised of tissue that enables its function. Human systems include the digestive, nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, lymphatic and respiratory functions. These systems contain major organs that provide daily functions to sustain life.
![](https://images2-cdn.storyjumper.net/transcoder.png?trim&id=1t-jcq06k2kjc-5lzq4sbpx&maxw=512&maxh=512)
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