The beginning of the ancient Egyptian civilization:

Egypt is home to the oldest civilizations on Earth, where its name is derived from the Greek word Aegyptus. In the year 5500 BC, there were two main kingdoms extending on the Nile River. Egyptian historians called them Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt, and in the year 3200 AD, the two kings were ruled. One in charge of their affairs is King Narmer, who is called Menes, and this marked the beginning of the civilization of ancient Egypt. King Menes founded the ancient capital of Egypt known as Memphis, and its location was in the north near the top of the Nile Delta, and then it developed to become the major city controlling Egyptian society during that period.

History of Egypt:

The Old Kingdom in the period 2613-2181 BC:

Architecture appeared and developed remarkably, as the most famous landmarks were built in Egypt, such as the pyramids and the statue of the Sphinx. The Saqqara pyramid was built in 2670 BC. AD during the reign of King Zoser. In that period.

The first intermediate period in the period 2181-2040 BC:

There was a decline in the power and wealth of Egypt, and two central forces appeared: Hierakonpolis in Lower Egypt and Thebes in Upper Egypt, and the two forces fought to gain access to the supreme power until 2040 BC.

The Middle Kingdom in the period 2040-1782 BC:

The prosperity that resulted from the rule of Thebes led to the emergence of the Middle Kingdom, and that era was called the Classical Age, when Thebes reached the height of its strength and wealth, and forts were built to protect Egyptian commercial interests, and some of the problems were established. It allowed the Hyksos people to invade it, and its power grew until it controlled a part of Lower Egypt.

The second intermediate period in the period 1782-1570 BC:

It began with the control of the Hyksos over Egypt, and although they were invaders of Egypt and its people, they added many improvements to the Egyptian culture, such as the cart and the horse, and working in bronze and ceramics. Prince Ahmose I succeeded in recovering it, and uniting it again under the rule of Thebes.

The most important monuments of the ancient civilization of Egypt

The pyramids were built to bury the pharaohs in, and they were limestone tombs with a square base. The Egyptians built the pyramids, and they put treasures and adornments in them that the pharaoh needed to survive and enjoy comfort in the afterlife, according to their belief. The ancients say that it is used for the ascension of the pharaoh to the sun god, and the Egyptians built about 138 pyramids of varying size, the largest of which is the pyramid of Khufu in Giza.

Temples

Temples were built to be homes for the Egyptian gods, and there were two types of them: the Temple of Cultus to live in which certain gods lived, and the funerary temple for the worship of the dead pharaohs.

Pyramids

The pyramids were built to bury the pharaohs in, and they were limestone tombs with a square base. The Egyptians built the pyramids, and they put treasures and adornments in them that the pharaoh needed to survive and enjoy comfort in the afterlife, according to their belief. The ancients say that it is used for the ascension of the pharaoh to the sun god, and the Egyptians built about 138 pyramids of varying size, the largest of which is the pyramid of Khufu in Giza.

Rosetta Stone

The Rosetta Stone was discovered in 1799 AD. Without it, archaeologists would not be able to read the records of the ancient Egyptians, and the Egyptian civilization would remain unknown. The stone contained one text, but with three different lines arranged from top to bottom as follows: hieroglyphics, demotic, and the French archaeologist. Franco Champollion on a copy of the stone, and studied the texts written in it, and facing many hypotheses and challenges, announced in 1822 AD that he was able to decipher the ancient Egyptian language, and lay the foundations for the ancient Egyptian language, which was completed after him by hundreds of researchers in the world.