Welcome 

           To  The 

               7th Grade

                              History 

Table of content

Page 4......... Geography

Page 6.............Economic 

Page 8..................Government 

Page 10......................Culture

Page 12...........................Religion 

Page 14 ......................... River Civilization (Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus valley

Page 20 ............................ Age of Empires (Chinese Dynasties, Africa Kingdoms, Islam Golden age, The Mongols

Page 26........................... Colonization  (Africa, India)

page 30.........................China, Korea, and Japan 

page 36 ........................ Author's favorite subject (s)

  Geography

    Geography is about Earth's surface Some of the things that we covered in 7th-grade history about geography are latitude and longitude lines, and natural resources.  Latitude is just lines that run from left to right of the globe, they run east and west.The main line of the latitude line is the equator which is equal to zero. Longitude lines are lines that run up and down, and they run north and south, and the main line of longitude is the prime meridian which is equal to zero These lines are used to find the exact location of places which is called absolute location. Natural resources are the material we use from nature to make things we need.  There are two types of natural resources which are shown in the picture. Renewable resources are any resources that can or will be filled up over time. Non-renewable resources are unable to be replaced or fill up once use. 

Economies 

An economy is a system in which people make, exchange and use things that have value. In economics that is two types of people, the producer is the owner and the one that sells.  And The consumer is the one that buys and uses the products. Trading is also part of Economics in which you give someone something and they give you something else back and that can also work with countries. There are three types of economics: market, Command, and mixed economics. For example, a Market economy is where individuals can control, own or sell goods. Command economics is where they don't have freedom and the government makes the decisions about goods. And the last one is mixed economies where both government and individuals make decisions about goods.

Government

A government is a group that sets up and enforces laws. There are many types of governments, but the types of governments that we're going to talk about are command, dictatorships, democracy, and absolute monarchy. The command is where the government almost controls everything, dictatorships are where the country is ruled by a single leader. Democracy is where the people help make the decisions for the country, which is what we have in the United States. And an absolute monarchy is where a queen or king has all the power.

Culture

Culture is the way of life of a group of people. Culture is about the way you dress, the language you speak, the beliefs that you believe in, and the food you eat. And the government you follow. There are many cultures around the world and each group of people has its own unique culture.

Religion

Religion is a group of beliefs. For example, there are many religions such as Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. The religions that have the most followers are Christianity and Islam. Religion is what you believe in ,and how they follow the belief and how they do things for their religion.

 Egypt 

Egypt is known for its famous pharaohs, pyramids, and mommies. Egypt is also known for having the longest river which is the Nile river. The Nile was used for many things such as transportation, and trading, the miles of mud were also used to make pottery and bricks. Egyptians were also polytheistic which means that they believed in many gods, and each god had its own meaning and purpose.

Mesopotamia 

Ancient Mesopotamia created many things that we still use today. For example, they are the ones that invented the wheel around 3500 BCE, the first form of writing called cuneiform, which used pictures, wedge shapes, and over 700 different symbols. They also created a math system that is based on the number 60, and they used addition, subtraction, fraction, and area of shapes. They also used recorded medical history to treat illnesses and created a calendar that had 12 lunar months. Also, invented bronze metal and then later iron weapons.

 Indus River Valley civilization

    In the Indus valley civilization, people stopped being nomads and started forming small farming villages. These farming villages became major cities over many years. This civilization was powerful from 3,000 to 1,500 BCE. They also had a river that was used for transportation, building, and fishing. The civilization developed around the same time that Egypt and Mesopotamia did, they had many similarities and traded with the Mesopotamian people. Nobody knows if they had a powerful civilization, or what religion they believed in because we can't read their writing, but they had two powerful major city-states called Mohenjio-Daro and Harappa it has been believed that they did not war with each other because they had plenty of water, fertile soil, and easy regular flooding. We also don't know how they ended because we can't read their writing.

Chinese Dynasties

The nine many Chinese dynasties are Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Song, Yuan (Mongol), Ming, and Qing. The Chinese dynasty is a succession of rulers from the same family. For example, there are many Chinese dynasties, and each dynasty is known for something. For example, the Han dynasty is known for starting the Slik road, and inventing paper, and also known for other things, but these are some of the things. Also, each dynasty has its own period of time from when it started until it ended. And in the image on the side is some dynasties and what their known for.

African Kingdoms

Many people think that Africa has been uncivilized, but Africa traded and controlled the major parts that moved goods from Europe to Asia. West Africa had a lot of gold and they would trade the gold with salt with North Africa because they needed salt to survive. And that trade was more than just about goods, it allowed an exchange for ideas, customs, religions, and beliefs these movements made cultural diffusion. Islam was a major religion because the salt traders were Muslims, and west Africa converted to Islam to make trading with North Africa easier, they also became Muslims because Islam teaches you how to read and write and Muslim laws made solving arguments easier between traders.

African Kingdoms

Africa also had Mansa Musa which was the richest person in the world he had both gold and salt which people needed back then. And they also had Ibn Battuta who was a famous traveler. But Mansa Musa went to Hajj and was giving people a lot of gold. Then that caused  Europeans to gain knowledge about the riches of Africa.