Computer Network: A group of connected computing devices, such as computers, printers, and servers, that can communicate with each other and share resources.

Packet: A unit of data that is transmitted over a network and contains both the data being sent and information about where the data should be delivered. 

Network (LAN): A network that connects devices within a relatively small geographical area, such as a home, office, or school. 

Wide Area Network (WAN): A network that connects devices over a larger geographical area, such as a city, country, or even the entire world. 

Node: Any device connected to a network, such as a computer, printer, or server. 

Media Access Control (MAC): A protocol that determines how devices on a network gain access to the transmission medium (eg, cable or wireless signal). 

 IP address. Switches or Switching Hub: A network device that connects multiple devices together and directs data only to the device that needs it, improving network efficiency and security. 

Bus Topology: A network topology in which all devices are connected to a single cable or backbone. 

Ring Topology: A network topology in which devices are connected in a circular pattern.

Network Token: A control signal used in some network architectures to regulate access to the network. 

 Star Topology: A network topology in which devices are connected to a central hub or switch.

Tree Topology: A network topology in which devices are connected in a hierarchical tree-like structure.

Protocol: A set of rules and conventions that govern the communication between devices on a network.

Peer-to-Peer Architecture: A network architecture in which all devices are equal and can act as both clients and servers.

Hubs: A network device that connects multiple devices together and broadcasts data to all devices on the network.

Network Routers: A networking device that connects multiple networks and routes network traffic between them based on the destination IP address.