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Continental Drift

The continental drift was a theory that was create by Alfred 

Wegner. His theory explains that all of the Earth's landmasses 

were once joined together to form the super continent known 

as Pangaea which means all land. Evidence to support his 

theory includes how the shorelines of different areas of land 

match and could possibly fit like a puzzle. Another piece of 

evidence includes matching fossils that were found on two 

different ares of land. Another piece of evidence would be rock 

types and structures. For example, several mountain belts end 

at one coastline but only to reappear at another. The last piece 

of evidence would be ancient climates. Wegner believed that 

glaciers or pieces of ice moved from the sea to the land. 

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Plate Tectonics

There are earth's major plates and plate boundaries. According 

to the plate tectonics theory, the uppermost mantle, along with 

the crust , behaves as a strong, rigid layer. This layer is known 

as the lithosphere. It is divided into plates which constantly 

change size and shape. These grinding plates can produce 

earthquakes, create volcanoes, and deform large masses of rock 

into mountains. The largest plate tectonic is the Pacific plate 

which is located in the Pacific Ocean.

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Boundaries

There are 3 types of boundaries: Convergent 

boundaries, divergent boundaries, and transform-

fault boundaries. Convergent boundaries form when 

two plates move together. Divergent boundaries 

form when two plates move apart. Transform-fault 

boundaries are margins where two plates grind past 

each other without the production or destruction of 

the lithosphere. 

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Mountain Building

Mountain building occurring at convergent boundaries usually 

involve colliding plates which provide the compressional forces that 

fold, fault, and metamorphose the thick layers of sediments deposited 

at the edge of landmasses. Mountain building at divergent 

boundaries are fault-block type mountains.   The mountains form a 

chain that curves along the ocean floor.

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