Table of Contents

Governments-----Chapter 1---Page 4

Exploration-----Chapter 2---Page 8

Colonisation-----Chapter 3---Page 12

Scientific Revolution-----Chapter 4---Page 16

Enlightenment-----Chapter 5---Page 20

American Revolution-----Chapter 6---Page 24

French Revolution and Napoleon-----Chapter 7---Page 28

Latin American Revolutions-----Chapter 8---Page 32

Industrial Revolution-----Chapter 9---Page 36

Imperialism-----Chapter 10---Page 40

World War I-----Chapter 11---Page 44

World War II-----Chapter 12---Page 48

Cold War-----Chapter 13---Page 52

Modern World-----Chapter 14---Page 56

There are a few basic types of government, republic, democracy, monarchy, constitutional monarchy, authoritarian, and totalitarianism. In the United States we have a Democracy, which means that the people have a greater say in the government and help make decisions by voting.

Chapter One Government

Europe used to be ruled by a king, but thanks to the Magna Carta their rights are limited so they don't have complete rule. King John signed the Magna Carta, his nobles forced him to sign it because they were fed up with his ruling.

The president of the United States has a enormous role in government. The president decides how the rules are enforced, they meet with other leaders of different countries, and make important decisions. Our first president was George Washington.

The constitution of the United States was signed on september 17, 1787. The constitution establishes the basic laws and principles of the United States. It is one of the most important government inventions.

England, France, and Spain all sent out ships to "discover" the new world beginning in around the 1600s. They all claimed land in different places among the Americas. England claimed the 13 colonies on the East coast, Spain explored Mexico and some of the West coast, and France Explored mostly in Canada.

Chapter Two Exploration

England founded the thirteen colonies and ruled them from across sea, but the colonies got fed up with it so they signed the declaration of independence on july 4th, 1776. This was an important event because the new colonies were establishing themselves as their own country.

One famous person is Magellan. Magellan is known as the first person to circumnavigate the world. He died in the Philippians after he completed his trip around the world.

One of the important inventions in this time was the compass. The compass tells you which direction you are going and it helped sailors get across the ocean. It tells you if you're going East, West, North, or South.

Chapter three colonization

Colonization is basically mercantilism for the mother country that began in the 1600s. It controls trade between Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Capitialism rose, the middle class rose, and triangular trade and the middle passage started up.

Jamestown was founded in 1607. This is when England came over and decided that they wanted the land so they claimed it and named it after King James.

In 1831 Nat Turner led a slave revolt. It was effective, causing terror throughout southern whites. But as a result of this revolt he was hung

They made triangular trade in order to transport slaves and materials from country to country. It was a sea path between countries that they used to trade slaves. They would take people from africa bring them to america and sell them as slaves.

Chapter four scientific revolution

The scientific revolution was a period of time when enlightenment philosophers started to value reason and challenged some political beliefs. They challenged the Catholic church's ideas like the earth is flat and some got arrested for it.

Martin Luther went up the church and put the 95 theses on their door. These theses proved some of the church beliefs wrong

Copernicus was one of the important philosophers during this time. He formed the idea that the sun was at the center of the universe and all the planets revolved around it, contrary to the popular belief that the earth was the center.

In 1608 a German/Dutch lens maker came up with the idea of the telescope. Once invented the telescope helped revolutionary scientists like copernicus look at the stars and other planets. This ability allowed them to prove some theories wrong, like the sun revolves around the earth .

Chapter five enlightenment

A lot of things happened during the enlightenment like the glorious revolution when William and Mary took over without any bloodshed, and all of those famous thinkers like John Locke with his three natural rights, Rousseau with his social contract, Voltaire with his ideas of freedom of speech and separation of church and state, and Montesquieu who believed in separation of powers. The enlightenment ended in the 1800s.

The glorious revolution is the only revolution without any bloodshed. It was when William and Mary overthrew King James II. William was the Prince of Orange.

John Locke was from the time of the enlightenment. He focused on three basic rights, life, liberty, and property. These are basically in the United State's declaration of independence, but they adjusted it to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Sir Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravity. in the law it states "A particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers."

Chapter six American Revolution

The american revolution was heavily influenced by the Enlightenment, they even had some of their ideas in documents like the declaration of independence, and they even used the idea of three separate branches. The American revolution started in 1775 and focused on personal rights away from Britain who at the time was controlling them.

One important event was when Great Britain surrendered to the US in Yorktown Virginia. In 1785 the war ended, this ended the 8 year long conflict with the US succeeding in their efforts to rebel.

George Washington was one of the generals of the American army during this conflict. He had a very prominent role in the success of the United States leading us to victory. After the war ended because of his huge role in our success he became not the king but the president of the United States.

One of the inventions during this time was the Declaration of Independence. It was Written by Thomas Jefferson in June of 1776. It was signed and sent to Britain to declare independence.

Chapter seven French revolution

The French revolution started in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille. Napoleon led the French revolution, he was a Military leader until he decided to revolt. After The French Revolution Napoleon rose to power and became the leader of France. He lost his power after his very unsuccessful invasion of Russia which resulted in countless lives.

On 20 June 1789, the members of the national assembly met up on a tennis court to take a vow never to separate until France had a constitution. This event was near the beginning of the French Revolution having high importance of getting the revolution started up.

Louis XVI of France was the King of France during the French revolution. He was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy. His unfair ruling made the citizens upset and fed up with the monarchy system.

The guillotine was one of the important inventions during the French revolution. It was a execution device invented during the French Revolution and was commonly used to execute who the government declared as a criminal.

Chapter eight Latin America Revolution

The Latin American revolutions took place in the late 1800s, these revolutions followed the ideas of the American and French revolutions. The Haiti revolution was the first to follow the american and French revolutions sparking the rest of the revolutions in Colombia, Venezuela, Chile, etc.

The Haiti revolution was the spark of the Latin American, it was the only successful slave revolt, it got rid of slavery on the Island and and French control in general. Slaves initiated the rebellion in 1791 and it ended in 1803.

Simon Bolivar led multiple revolutions in South America Gaining the name George Washington of South America. He helped many countries in their revolutions like Colombia and Valenzuela for example.

Because of the Latin American Revolution a bunch of countries gained their independence like Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, etc. Now all of these countries lived free of foreign rule so they were like new countries.

Chapter nine Industrial revolution

Industrialism started in Great Britain. It is the reliance on machine power instead of human or animal power. The Series of inventions was the last line that led to the industrial revolution.

In 1789 Samuel Slater got out of Great Britain and carried his knowledge of spinning to america. This knowledge helped us make clothing more easily and helped start the industrial revolution for us, and if we didn't get this knowledge it would've taken us longer to industrialize.

Eli Whitney was very famous for his invention the cotton gin. Eli was an american inventor and got a lot of fame for his accentual cotton gin. He was born in 1765 and died 60 years later.