Table of Contents

Chapter 1-Government

Chapter 2-Exploration

Chapter3-Colonization

Chapter4-Scientific Revolution

Chapter 5-Enlightenment

Chapter 6-American Revolution

Chapter 7-French Revolution and Napoleon

Chapter 8-Latin American Revolutions

Chapter 9-Industrial Revolution

Chapter 10-Imperialism

Chapter 11-World War I

Chapter 12-World War II

Chapter 13-Cold War

Chapter 14-Modern World

Government:

Absolute Monarchy= A form of government with a monarch at the head. Monarchies were unlimited governments based on "divine rights" (power from God) not to be questioned. This was Europe in the 1600's.

Limited government=Limits placed on power and authority of government

Unlimited government=No ability to limit the government

King John signed the Magna Carta (Great Charter) making the absolute monarchy change by limiting some of the king's power.

E

Exploration

In the late 1400's and 1500's Europe began the Age of Exploration.

Europeans learned about the astrolabe and compass from the Arabs.

In 1488 Bartolomeau Dias sailed to the southern tip of Africa. He was Portuguese.

In 1492 Columbus landed on San Salvador. He claimed the land for Spain.

Colonization

In the 1500's the Spanish and Portuguese built empires in the Americas and in the 1600's the French, English, and Dutch began their own settlements.

Hern`an Cort`es invaded Cuba and Mexico for Spain. Pizarro invaded Peru. Spanish settlers grew crops of sugarcane on large farms known as plantations. All countries attempted to build settler colonies governed by their homeland.

Mercantilism-A countries power depends on its wealth.

Scientific Revolution

The ancient Greeks and Romans made many scientific advances.

In the 1500's scientists began using math and experiments to make advances. This led to the Scientific Revolution.

Copernicus proposed a heliocentric or sun centered universe. Issac Newton discovered gravity in the 1600's. Francis Bacon came up with the scientific method, which is still used today.

Enlightenment

The 1700's became known as the Age of Enlightenment. This was when people started thinking about things in a new way. John Locke said the government had to answer to the people. When king James II ignored Parliament then fled England in 1688, this became the Glorious Revolution. England became a constitutional monarchy.The Bill of Rights gave English people basic rights.

American Revolution

On July 4, 1776 the Congress issued the Declaration of Independence. This was based on John Locke's idea that people can overthrow a government that ignores their rights.

The US Constitution was shaped by ideas of Enlightenment. Popular Sovereignty and limited government. In 1789 George Washington was elected the first President of the United States.

French Revolution and Napoleon

The French people were divided into three Estates or classes. The first was the Clergy, the second was the aristocracy and the largest was the third estate. The third estate paid taxes to the king and had no voice. On July 14, 1789 a crowd stormed the Bastille. In 1791 the National Assembly made France a constitutional monarchy. In 1792 the National Convention executed King Louis XVI. 40,000 people died during the Reign of Terror. A french general named Napoleon Bonaparte came back to France to become First Consul then Emperor in 1804 and rule France.